DAWN
Daily Arts Web Nucleus
Discover the Arts! Each day a different image from the Literary, Performing, or Visual Arts representing a portion of Scripture plus an explanation with links 2017 September 25
David and Jonathan (1641-1642)
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (1606-1669)
Dutch Golden Age Baroque Style
The Hermitage, St. Petersburg, Russia
Image Source: Web Gallery of Art
SPECIAL NOTE:
[ I will again be working through the Scriptures from Genesis to Revelation. I will be adding links, resources, images, and the like, upgrading the former work-through which began with the 2013-10-12 posting which can be found, along with the full Genesis to Revelation postings, in the Archive Page. Postings will be at midnight Eastern Time, as I am able. However, no chapters will be skipped, even though a posting may be late. And all postings will be housed in the Archive Page. ]
Explanation: In 1 Samuel 20, David came to Jonathan and asked him what he had done to make Saul seek his life. Jonathan denied this; but David pointed out that Saul would not tell Jonathan of his desire to kill David because he knew of the friendship between Jonathan and himself. So they agreed that Jonathan would find out Saul's true intentions and that Jonathan would inform David of the truth. Jonathan and David then went into the field (1-11).
In the field, Jonathan told David that he would go to Saul's feast and bring word of Saul's intentions within three days. And they agreed to protect one another and their descendants (12-17).
Jonathan then told David to keep out of sight when they met in the field three days later. He would pretend to fire at a target. If he told his servant boy that the arrows were near him, the meaning would be that David was safe. If he told the boy that the arrows were beyond him, the meaning would be that David must flee (18-23).
Later, when David did not show up at Saul's feast, Jonathan told him that David was attending a family sacrifice in Bethlehem (24-29).
But Saul became enraged because of Jonathan's favoritism toward David, and he tried to kill Jonathan with a javelin. So Jonathan left the banquet in fierce anger because of this assault and because of the wrong Saul had done to David (30-34).
The next morning, Jonathan gave David the sign to flee. He sent his servant boy away; and he and David wept upon one another. Afterward they reaffirmed their covenant with one another; and David departed; and Jonathan went into the city (35-42).
[ Sermons: William W Goligher. William Still. Various. ]
[ Illustration: Today's chapter describes the covenant which David and Jonathan made to protect and help one another and their descendants. The painting above depicts the moment when they parted because David had to flee from Saul. ]
RESOURCES
PLEASE NOTE: Use the resources on this and other sites thoughtfully, particularly the commentaries and encyclopedias. I have attempted to list conservative, scholarly resources. However, some providers use liberal or liberal-influenced commentaries such as the Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (in Bible Hub). Such commentaries are undoubtedly included by the provider for the wealth of useful information and comments which they provide. By consulting several commentaries, it should be fairly easy to sort out the wheat from the chaff. If, however, you would like personal assistance, write to me at AD LIB ARTS EMAIL.
[ THEMATICALLY AND CHRONOLOGICALLY RELATED SCRIPTURES: 1 Samuel 20:
[5] Numbers 10:10; Numbers 28:11-15.
[6] Deuteronomy 12:5.
[19] 1 Samuel 19:2.
[25] 2 Chronicles 10:2.
-- From Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers ]
[ CHRONOLOGY: GENERAL. Patriarchs (Traditional). Judges # 1. Judges # 2. Kings # 1. Kings # 2. Prophets # 1. Prophets # 2. NT # 1. NT # 2. NT # 3. ]
[ MAPS: Maps # 1. Maps # 2. Maps # 3. Maps # 4. Maps # 5. ]
[ COMMENTARIES, ETC: GENERAL: Bible Study Tools; Bible Hub: Study Light; Blue Letter Bible // PSALMS: Monergism: Precept Austin: The Treasury of David; John Gill; John Calvin - Volumes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
[ MUSIC: GENERAL: The Cyber Hymnal // PSALMS: Genevan Psalter (Instrumental). VARIOUS ARTISTS: Micha'el Ben David. Sons of Korah. Fernando Ortega. Janet Isaac Morrison. Music of the Bible Revealed - Suzanne Haik-Vantoura. Dr. David Erb. Gregorian Chants. ]
HARMONY OF THE LAW
HEBREW AND GREEK INTERLINEAR BIBLES
1 Samuel Detailed Outline
1 Samuel 20
Note: In the Hebrew Bible 1 Samuel and 2 Samuel are one book. Also, 1 Kings and 2 Kings are one book.
Samuel and Kings reveal Israel's history from Samuel to the beginning of the Babylonian Captivity.
1 and 2 Chronicles, originally one book, trace the history of God's people from creation to the end of the Babylonian Captivity.
1. Samuel's Reign as the Last of the Judges (1 Samuel 1:1 - 8:22) - 1100 - 1050 B.C. Israel
A. Samuel's Early Life (1 Samuel 1:1 - 3:21)
B. Samuel's Life From Youth to Old Age (1 Samuel 4:1 - 8:22)
1. Samuel & the Philistines (1 Samuel 4:1 - 7:14)
2. Samuel & the Israelites (1 Samuel 7:15 - 8:22)
2. Saul's Reign as the First God-Given King over All of Israel (1 Samuel 9:1 - 31:13) - 1050 - 1010 B.C. Israel
A. Saul and Samuel (1 Samuel 9:1 - 14:52)
B. Saul and David (1 Samuel 15:1 - 31:13)
1 And David fled from Naioth in Ramah, and came and said before Jonathan, What have I done? what is mine iniquity? and what is my sin before thy father, that he seeketh my life?
2 And he said unto him, God forbid; thou shalt not die: behold, my father will do nothing either great or small, but that he will shew it me: and why should my father hide this thing from me? it is not so.
3 And David sware moreover, and said, Thy father certainly knoweth [knowing he knows] that I have found grace in thine eyes; and he saith, Let not Jonathan know this, lest he be grieved: but truly as the LORD liveth, and as thy soul liveth, there is but a step between me and death.
4 Then said Jonathan unto David, Whatsoever thy soul desireth, I will even do it for thee.
5 And David said unto Jonathan, Behold, to morrow is the new moon, and I should not fail to sit [sitting I shall sit] with the king at meat: but let me go, that I may hide myself in the field unto the third day at even.
6 If thy father at all miss [missing he is missing] me, then say, David earnestly asked [asking he asked] leave of me that he might run to Bethlehem his city: for there is a yearly sacrifice there for all the family.
7 If he say thus, It is well; thy servant shall have peace: but if he be very wroth [to be hot he is being hot], then be sure that evil is determined by him.
8 Therefore thou shalt deal kindly with thy servant; for thou hast bought thy servant into a covenant of the LORD with thee: notwithstanding, if there be in me iniquity, slay me thyself; for why shouldest thou bring me to thy father?
9 And Jonathan said, Far be it from thee: for if I knew certainly [knowing I am knowing] that evil were determined by my father to come upon thee, then would not I tell it thee?
10 Then said David to Jonathan, Who shall tell me? or what if thy father answer thee roughly?
11 And Jonathan said unto David, Come, and let us go out into the field. And they went out both of them into the field.
12 And Jonathan said unto David, O LORD God of Israel, when I have sounded my father about to morrow any time, or the third day, and, behold, if there be good toward David, and I then send not unto thee, and shew it thee;
13 The LORD do so and much more to Jonathan: but if it please my father to do thee evil, then I will shew it thee [I will open your ear], and send thee away, that thou mayest go in peace: and the LORD be with thee, as he hath been with my father.
14 And thou shalt not only while yet I live shew me [you shall do to me] the kindness of the LORD, that I die not:
15 But also thou shalt not cut off thy kindness from my house for ever [unto perpetuity]: no, not when the LORD hath cut off the enemies of David every one from the face of the earth.
16 So Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David, saying, Let the LORD even require it at the hand of David's enemies.
17 And Jonathan caused David to swear again, because he loved him: for he loved him as he loved his own soul.
18 Then Jonathan said to David, To morrow is the new moon: and thou shalt be missed, because thy seat will be empty.
19 And when thou hast stayed three days, then thou shalt go down quickly, and come to the place where thou didst hide thyself when the business was in hand, and shalt remain by the stone Ezel.
20 And I will shoot three arrows on the side thereof, as though shot at a mark.
21 And, behold, I will send a lad, saying, Go, find out the arrows. If I expressly say [saying I am saying] unto the lad, Behold, the arrows are on this side of thee, take them; then come thou: for there is peace to thee, and no hurt; as the LORD liveth.
22 But if I say thus unto the young man, Behold, the arrows are beyond thee; go thy way: for the LORD hath sent thee away.
23 And as touching the matter which thou and I have spoken of, behold, the LORD be between thee and me for ever [unto perpetuity].
24 So David hid himself in the field: and when the new moon was come, the king sat him down to eat meat.
25 And the king sat upon his seat, as at other times [as time in time], even upon a seat by the wall: and Jonathan arose, and Abner sat by Saul's side, and David's place was empty.
26 Nevertheless Saul spake not any thing that day: for he thought, Something hath befallen him, he is not clean; surely he is not clean.
27 And it came to pass on the morrow, which was the second day of the month, that David's place was empty: and Saul said unto Jonathan his son, Wherefore cometh not the son of Jesse to meat, neither yesterday, nor to day?
28 And Jonathan answered Saul, David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Bethlehem:
29 And he said, Let me go, I pray thee; for our family hath a sacrifice in the city; and my brother, he hath commanded me to be there: and now, if I have found favour in thine eyes, let me get away, I pray thee, and see my brethren. Therefore he cometh not unto the king's table.
30 Then Saul'sanger was kindled against Jonathan, and he said unto him, Thou son of the perverse rebellious woman, do not I know that thou hast chosen the son of Jesse to thine own confusion, and unto the confusion of thy mother's nakedness?
31 For as long as [all of the days which] the son of Jesse liveth upon the ground, thou shalt not be established, nor thy kingdom. Wherefore now send and fetch him unto me, for he shall surely die [a son of death is he].
32 And Jonathan answered Saul his father, and said unto him, Wherefore shall he be slain? what hath he done?
33 And Saul cast a javelin at him to smite him: whereby Jonathan knew that it was determined of his father to slay David.
34 So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and did eat no meat the second day of the month: for he was grieved for David, because his father had done him shame.
35 And it came to pass in the morning, that Jonathan went out into the field at the time appointed with David, and a little lad with him.
36 And he said unto his lad, Run, find out now the arrows which I shoot. And as the lad ran, he shot an arrow beyond him.
37 And when the lad was come to the place of the arrow which Jonathan had shot, Jonathan cried after the lad, and said, Is not the arrow beyond thee?
38 And Jonathan cried after the lad, Make speed, haste, stay not. And Jonathan's lad gathered up the arrows, and came to his master.
39 But the lad knew not any thing: only Jonathan and David knew the matter.
40 And Jonathan gave his artillery unto his lad, and said unto him, Go, carry them to the city.
41 And as soon as the lad was gone, David arose out of a place toward the south, and fell on his face to the ground, and bowed himself three times: and they kissed one another, and wept one with another, until David exceeded.
42 And Jonathan said to David, Go in peace, forasmuch as we have sworn both of us in the name of the LORD, saying, The LORD be between me and thee, and between my seed and thy seed forever [unto perpetuity]. And he arose and departed: and Jonathan went into the city.
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