DAWN
Daily Arts Web Nucleus
Discover the Arts! Each day a different image from the Literary, Performing, or Visual Arts representing a portion of Scripture plus an explanation with links and a discussion forum 2014 March 12
Adoration of the Magi (detail) - (c. 1510)
Hieronymus Bosch (c. 1450 - 1516)
Early Netherlandish Renaissance Style of Fantastic Art
Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain
Image Source: Web Gallery of Art
Explanation: As a symbol of a place of refuge I have chosen the painting above which features Bethlehem -- first as a physical refuge because of its fortifications; second as a spiritual refuge because the Savior was born there.
Numbers 35 contains the LORD's commands to appoint cities for the Levites in the Promised Land and to appoint cities of refuge there as well. This command was carried out in Joshua's day. First, the LORD made provision that the Levites would have cities to dwell in since they would not receive any territorial possessions. The cities were to include suburban pasture lands for grazing (1-5). Next, the LORD commanded that six cities be appointed as cities of refuge from among the cities of the Levites. These were to be havens for anyone who killed another. In all, the Levites were to have 48 cities -- forty two plus the six cities of refuge (6-8). The cities of refuge were to be places where a manslayer could escape the revenger of blood until he could stand trial before the congregation to determine his guilt or innocence. The Israelites were commanded to appoint three cities on the east side of the Jordan river and three cities on the west side. Strangers and sojourners who committed manslaughter would also be allowed to flee to these cities (9-15). After making these provisions the LORD mentioned various ways in which someone might be killed -- with instruments of iron, stone, or wood. Permission was given to the revenger of blood to kill the manslayer. If the killer hated the person he slew, or slew him in enmity, he was guilty of murder and the avenger could put him to death (16-21). But if the killing was without enmity, or if the slayer was not lying in wait for him, then the congregation must acquit the slayer. If acquitted, the slayer was required to live in the city of refuge until the death of the high priest. If he would at any time leave the city, then the revenger of blood had the right to take his life (22-29). If anyone killed another he must be put to death at the mouth of two witnesses. One witness was not enough. A murderer could not be acquitted by payment of some sort of satisfaction money or gift; neither might someone who was living in a city of refuge be ransomed by such means; instead, he must stay in the city of refuge till the death of the high priest. These regulations were given to keep the land from being defiled by blood (30-34).
Numbers 35
1 And the LORD spake unto Moses in the plains of Moab by Jordan near Jericho, saying,
2 Command the children of Israel, that they give unto the Levites of the inheritance of their possession cities to dwell in; and ye shall give also unto the Levites suburbs for the cities round about them.
3 And the cities shall they have to dwell in; and the suburbs of them shall be for their cattle, and for their goods, and for all their beasts.
4 And the suburbs of the cities, which ye shall give unto the Levites, shall reach from the wall of the city and outward a thousand cubits round about.
5 And ye shall measure from without the city on the east side two thousand cubits, and on the south side two thousand cubits, and on the west side two thousand cubits, and on the north side two thousand cubits; and the city shall be in the midst: this shall be to them the suburbs of the cities.
6 And among the cities which ye shall give unto the Levites there shall be six cities for refuge, which ye shall appoint for the manslayer, that he may flee thither: and to them ye shall add forty and two cities.
7 So all the cities which ye shall give to the Levites shall be forty and eight cities: them shall ye give with their suburbs.
8 And the cities which ye shall give shall be of the possession of the children of Israel: from them that have many ye shall give many; but from them that have few ye shall give few: every one shall give of his cities unto the Levites according to his inheritance which he inheriteth.
9 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
10 Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When ye be come over Jordan into the land of Canaan;
11 Then ye shall appoint you cities to be cities of refuge for you; that the slayer may flee thither, which killeth any person at unawares.
12 And they shall be unto you cities for refuge from the avenger; that the manslayer die not, until he stand before the congregation in judgment.
13 And of these cities which ye shall give six cities shall ye have for refuge.
14 Ye shall give three cities on this side Jordan, and three cities shall ye give in the land of Canaan, which shall be cities of refuge.
15 These six cities shall be a refuge, both for the children of Israel, and for the stranger, and for the sojourner among them: that every one that killeth any person unawares may flee thither.
16 And if he smite him with an instrument of iron, so that he die, he is a murderer: the murderer shall surely be put to death.
17 And if he smite him with throwing a stone, wherewith he may die, and he die, he is a murderer: the murderer shall surely be put to death.
18 Or if he smite him with an hand weapon of wood, wherewith he may die, and he die, he is a murderer: the murderer shall surely be put to death.
19 The revenger of blood himself shall slay the murderer: when he meeteth him, he shall slay him.
20 But if he thrust him of hatred, or hurl at him by laying of wait, that he die;
21 Or in enmity smite him with his hand, that he die: he that smote him shall surely be put to death; for he is a murderer: the revenger of blood shall slay the murderer, when he meeteth him.
22 But if he thrust him suddenly without enmity, or have cast upon him any thing without laying of wait,
23 Or with any stone, wherewith a man may die, seeing him not, and cast it upon him, that he die, and was not his enemy, neither sought his harm:
24 Then the congregation shall judge between the slayer and the revenger of blood according to these judgments:
25 And the congregation shall deliver the slayer out of the hand of the revenger of blood, and the congregation shall restore him to the city of his refuge, whither he was fled: and he shall abide in it unto the death of the high priest, which was anointed with the holy oil.
26 But if the slayer shall at any time come without the border of the city of his refuge, whither he was fled;
27 And the revenger of blood find him without the borders of the city of his refuge, and the revenger of blood kill the slayer; he shall not be guilty of blood:
28 Because he should have remained in the city of his refuge until the death of the high priest: but after the death of the high priest the slayer shall return into the land of his possession.
29 So these things shall be for a statute of judgment unto you throughout your generations in all your dwellings.
30 Whoso killeth any person, the murderer shall be put to death by the mouth of witnesses: but one witness shall not testify against any person to cause him to die.
31 Moreover ye shall take no satisfaction for the life of a murderer, which is guilty of death: but he shall be surely put to death.
32 And ye shall take no satisfaction for him that is fled to the city of his refuge, that he should come again to dwell in the land, until the death of the priest.
33 So ye shall not pollute the land wherein ye are: for blood it defileth the land: and the land cannot be cleansed of the blood that is shed therein, but by the blood of him that shed it.
34 Defile not therefore the land which ye shall inhabit, wherein I dwell: for I the LORD dwell among the children of Israel.
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copyright 2014, Scott Souza
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