DAWN
Daily Arts Web Nucleus
Discover the Arts! Each day a different image from the Literary, Performing, or Visual Arts representing a portion of Scripture plus an explanation with links 2016 October 10
Abraham and Hagar (c. 1520-1525)
Jan Mostaert (c. 1475 - 1555/1556)
Dutch and Flemish Renaissance Style
Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid, Spain
Image Source: Web Gallery of Art
Explanation: In Galatians 4, Paul points out that an heir, while he is a child, is the same as a servant. When Christ came he redeemed us from the law and made us sons of God. And he sent the Holy Spirit into out hearts testifying that we are sons of God. Therefore, we are not servants, but sons (1-7).
But his readers returned to bondage, observing days, and months, and times, and years (part of the Law of Moses). Paul was afraid that he had bestowed labor in vain upon them (8-11).
Paul therefore pleads with them to be unified with him as they were in the past when they listened closely to him and would have done anything for him. He is not their enemy. He tells them the truth. He desires to see Christ formed in them, but he stands in doubt of them (12-20).
He warns them against their desire to be under the law. He uses the illustration of Abraham's two sons, the one (Isaac) by a freewoman, and the other (Ishmael) by a bondwoman. Two covenants were involved. Hagar and Ishmael's covenant was one of bondage, in which neither inherited anything. Sarah and Isaac's covenant was one of promise -- the promise of being heirs of spiritual blessing from God. And we who are born of the Holy Spirit inherit these blessings. Therefore, we are not in bondage, but free (21-31).
[Sermons: Ian Hamilton 1. Ian Hamilton 2. Ian Hamilton 3. Various. ]
[Illustration: Today's painting depicts the Old Testament narrative of Hagar, whom Paul uses in today's chapter as an illustration to show the contrasts between spiritual bondage and spiritual freedom. ]
RESOURCES
[THEMATICALLY AND CHRONOLOGICALLY RELATED SCRIPTURES:
Galatians 4:1-7: Romans 5:1-5; Romans 6:15-23; Romans 8:9-17.
Galatians 4:8-11: Romans 1:18-23; Romans 14:5-12; 1 Corinthians 8:4-6; 1 Corinthians 10:14-22; 1 Corinthians 12:1-3; Colossians 2:16-23; 1 Thessalonians 1:2-10.
Galatians 4:12-20: 1 Corinthians 2:1-5; 1 Corinthians 4:14-21; 2 Corinthians 1:3-11; Philippians 1:27-30; 1 Thessalonians 1:2-10.
Galatians 4:21-31: Romans 9:6-13; 2 Corinthians 3:12-18.
]
NOTE: The parallels above are based in a very small part on my own research but principally on the following sources:
Fred O Francis and J. Paul Sampley, Pauline Parallels, Second Edition. (Minneapolis, Minnesota: Fortress Press, 1984).
Most of the material on Hebrews is from an online article titled Pauline parallels in Hebrews taken from Charles H. Welch and Stuart Allen Welch, Perfection Or Perdition? An Exposition Of The Epistle To The Hebrews, (London: Berean Publishing Trust, 1973). ]
[ CHRONOLOGY: GENERAL. Patriarchs (Traditional). Judges # 1. Judges # 2. Kings # 1. Kings # 2. Prophets # 1. Prophets # 2. NT # 1. NT # 2. NT # 3. ]
[ MAPS: Maps # 1. Maps # 2. Maps # 3. Maps # 4. Maps # 5. ]
[ COMMENTARIES, ETC: GENERAL: Bible Study Tools; Bible Hub: Study Light; Blue Letter Bible // PSALMS: Monergism: Precept Austin: The Treasury of David; John Gill; John Calvin - Volumes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
[ MUSIC: GENERAL: The Cyber Hymnal // PSALMS: Genevan Psalter (Instrumental). VARIOUS ARTISTS: Micha'el Ben David. Sons of Korah. Fernando Ortega. Janet Isaac Morrison. Music of the Bible Revealed - Suzanne Haik-Vantoura. Dr. David Erb. Gregorian Chants. ]
*** For Additional word studies use one of the Greek Interlinear Bibles below. ***
Book Outline:
1. Do not Turn From the Gospel Which is From God (Galatians 1:1 - Galatians 2:21) - 49 A.D. Rome
2. This Gospel is the Instrument By Which You Received the Spirit (Galatians 3:1 - Galatians 4:31) - 49 A.D. Rome
3. The Spirit Enables you to Live Holy, the Law Does Not (Galatians 5:1 - Galatians 6:18) - 49 A.D. Rome
Galatians 4
2. This Gospel is the Instrument By Which You Received the Spirit (Galatians 3:1 - Galatians 4:31) - 49 A.D. Rome
1 Now I say, That the heir, as long as he is a child, differeth nothing from a servant, though he be lord of all;
2 But is under tutors and governors until the time appointed of the father.
3 Even so we, when we were children, were in bondage under the elements of the world:
4 But when the fulness of the time was come, God sent forth his Son of God, made of a woman, made under the law,
5 To redeem them that were under the law, that we might receive the adoption of sons.
6 And because ye are sons, God hath sent forth the Spirit of his Son of God into your hearts, crying, Abba, Father.
7 Wherefore thou art no more a servant, but a son; and if a son, then an heir of God through Christ.
8 Howbeit then, when ye knew not God, ye did service unto them which by nature are no gods.
9 But now, after that ye have known God, or rather are known of God, how turn ye again to the weak and beggarly elements, whereunto ye desire again to be in bondage?
10 Ye observe days, and months, and times, and years.
11 I am afraid of you, lest I have bestowed upon you labour in vain.
12 Brethren, I beseech you, be as I am; for I am as ye are: ye have not injured me at all.
13 Ye know how through infirmity of the flesh I preached the gospel unto you at the first.
14 And my temptation which was in my flesh ye despised not, nor rejected; but received me as an angel of God, even as Christ Jesus.
15 Where is then the blessedness ye spake of? for I bear you record, that, if it had been possible, ye would have plucked out your own eyes, and have given them to me.
16 Am I therefore become your enemy, because tell you the truth?
17 They zealously affect you, but not well; yea, they would exclude you, that ye might affect them.
18 But it is good to be zealously affected always in a good thing, and not only when I am present with you.
19 My little children, of whom I travail in birth again until Christ be formed in you,
20 I desire to be present with you now, and to change my voice; for I stand in doubt of you.
21 Tell me, ye that desire to be under the law, do ye not hear the law?
22 For it is written, that Abraham had two sons, the one by a bondmaid, the other by a freewoman.
23 But he who was of the bondwoman was born after the flesh; but he of the freewoman was by promise.
24 Which things are an allegory: for these are the two covenants; the one from the mount Sinai, which gendereth to bondage, which is Agar.
25 For this Agar is mount Sinai in Arabia, and answereth to Arabia, and answereth to Jerusalem which now is, and is in bondage with her children.
26 But Jerusalem which is above is free, which is the mother of us all.
27 For it is written, Rejoice, thou barren that bearest not; break forth and cry, thou that travailest not: for the desolate hath many more children than she which hath an husband.
28 Now we, brethren, as Isaac was, are the children of promise.
29 But as then he that was born after the flesh persecuted him that was born after the Spirit, even so it is now.
30 Nevertheless what saith the scripture? Cast out the bondwoman and her son: for the son of the bondwoman shall not be heir with the son of the freewoman.
31 So then, brethren, we are not children of the bondwoman, but of the free.
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