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Discover the Arts! Each day a different image from the Literary, Performing, or Visual Arts representing a portion of Scripture
plus an explanation with links

2018 June 18



The Martyrdom of St Margaret (1616)
Lodovico Carracci (1555-1619)
Baroque Style
San Maurizio, Cappella di Santa Margherita, Mantua, Italy
Image Source: Web Gallery of Art

     [ Illustration: Today's painting reflects one of the key themes of the Psalm, martyrdom. ]



SPECIAL NOTE:

[ I will again be working through the Scriptures from Genesis to Revelation. I will be adding links, resources, images, and the like, upgrading the former work-through which began with the 2013-10-12 posting which can be found, along with the full Genesis to Revelation postings, in the Archive Page. Postings will be at midnight Eastern Time, as I am able. However, no chapters will be skipped, even though a posting may be late. And all postings will be housed in the Archive Page. ]



     Explanation: In Psalm 44, the Psalmist remembers God's mercies to Israel in the Exodus and pleads for present help for himself and the nation. Commentators are divided on the authorship and occasion of the Psalm. But it fits well with the Babylonian Captivity. Some attribute it to another period because verses 17, 18, and 20 declare that Israel is a faithful nation; but it was for sin, not righteousness, that Israel went into captivity. Nevertheless, this can be seen as the voice of the remnant which remained faithful throughout the captivity and who, therefore, had the best claim to be called "Israel," God's people.
     The Psalm has five sections or stanzas. The first two are parallel to each other as are the next two. The fifth is a plea for help based on the considerations in the first four sections.
     VICTORIES OF THE ANCESTORS THROUGH GOD.The Psalmist begins by stating what their ancestors had told them about God's amazing works in days of old -- how he drove out the heathen and gave Israel their lands, and how it was God's arm and God's favor which saved them, not their own power (1-3).
     VICTORIES OF THE NEW GENERATION THROUGH GOD. The Psalmist therefore asks God to send deliverance to the nation. He acknowledges that, if God helps them, they will be able to conquer their enemies. But their bow will not save them, nor will their sword save them. It was God who had saved them and put their enemies to shame. So it is in God that they boast all the day long and praise his name forever (4-8).
          REJECTION OF ISRAEL BY GOD. But, says the Psalmist, if God casts them off, their armies will turn back and be slaughtered. He says that they are now living in this kind of defeat, where they are like sheep for the slaughter. God has sold them for nothing and made them a reproach, a scorn, a derision, a byword, and a "shaking of the head" to the people around them. He said that his confusion was continual, and shame covered his face because or those who reproach and blaspheme God (9-16).
          NO REJECTION OF GOD BY ISRAEL. Yet, in spite of all of this, he and his companions have not forgotten God; and they have adhered to their covenant. Their hearts have turned back to God. They did not forsake his way even though they were broken and covered with the shadow of death. He pronounces a curse upon himself and the others if they forget God or worship a strange god. He knows that God will search it out, because he knows the secrets of the heart. They are martyred constantly for his sake (15-22).
               PLEA FOR REDEMPTION BY GOD. So he asks why the Lord sleeps, why he casts them off, why he hides his face from them, and why he forgets their affliction and oppression. Their soul is bowed down; their belly clings to the earth. They ask God to arise to help and to redeem them for his mercies' sake (23-26).
                         NOTE. The structure presented above is based on The Literary Structure of the Old Testament, David A. Dorsey, 1999, p. 185.

     [ Sermons: Eric Alexander. Various. ]




Bible Chronologies -- Genesis to Revelation

[Traditional Patriarchal Chronology. Judges Period Chronology 1. Judges Period Chronology 2. Kings of Judah and Israel #1. Kings of Judah and Israel #2].

[Post Exile Chronology 1. Post Exile Chronology 2. Post Exile Chronology 3.]

[Prophets Chronology 1. Prophets Chronology 2. Prophets Chronology 3. Prophets Chronology 4.]

[Intertestamental Period Chronology 1. Intertestamental Period Chronology 2. Intertestamental Period Chronology 3.
Intertestamental Period Chronology 4. Intertestamental Period Chronology 5.]

[New Testament Chronology 1. New Testament Chronology 2. New Testament Chronology 3. New Testament Chronology 4. New Testament Chronology 5.]




RESOURCES

PLEASE NOTE: Use the resources on this and other sites thoughtfully, particularly the commentaries and encyclopedias. I have attempted to list conservative, scholarly resources. However, some providers use liberal or liberal-influenced commentaries such as the Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (in Bible Hub). Such commentaries are undoubtedly included by the provider for the wealth of useful information and comments which they provide. By consulting several commentaries, it should be fairly easy to sort out the wheat from the chaff. If, however, you would like personal assistance, write to me at AD LIB ARTS EMAIL.


          [ THEMATICALLY AND CHRONOLOGICALLY RELATED SCRIPTURES: Psalm 44: Psalm 60].
[1] Exodus 10:2; Exodus 12:25-27; Deuteronomy 6:20.
[2] Jeremiah 17:8; Ezekiel 17:6; Ezekiel 31:5; Psalm 80:11.
[3] Psalm 44:24.
[4] Isaiah 43:25.
[5] Deuteronomy 33:17.
[11] Isaiah 53:6-7.
[12] Jeremiah 15:13; Psalm 72:14; Proverbs 22:16.
[14] Psalm 22:7-8.
[19] Jeremiah 9:11; Jeremiah 10:22; Jeremiah 49:33; Isaiah 34:13; Jeremiah 14:6; Isaiah 43:20; Micah 1:8; Job 30:29; Psalm 23:4.
[22] Romans 8:36.
[23] Psalm 7:6.
     -- From Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers ]


          [ CHRONOLOGY: GENERAL. Patriarchs (Traditional). Judges # 1. Judges # 2. Kings # 1. Kings # 2. Prophets # 1. Prophets # 2. NT # 1. NT # 2. NT # 3. ]

          [ MAPS: Maps # 1. Maps # 2. Maps # 3. Maps # 4. Maps # 5. ]

          [ COMMENTARIES, ETC: GENERAL: Bible Study Tools; Bible Hub: Study Light; Blue Letter Bible // PSALMS: Monergism: Precept Austin: The Treasury of David; John Gill; John Calvin - Volumes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

          [ MUSIC: GENERAL: The Cyber Hymnal // PSALMS: Psalm 44 - #1. Psalm 44 - #2. Genevan Psalter (Instrumental). VARIOUS ARTISTS: Micha'el Ben David. Sons of Korah. Fernando Ortega. Janet Isaac Morrison. Music of the Bible Revealed - Suzanne Haik-Vantoura. Dr. David Erb. Gregorian Chants. ]



HARMONY OF THE LAW


John Calvin - CCEL | Analytical Chart - BLB




GOSPEL HARMONIES

Gospel Harmony - Summary | The Harmony of the Gospels - Augustine | Gospel Harmony Chart - Online Bible

Greek Harmony of the Gospels - Robertson - (Downloadable PDF) | Gospel Harmony in English - Robertson - (Downloadable PDF)



HEBREW AND GREEK INTERLINEAR BIBLES


Hebrew and Greek Interlinear Download - Scripture 4 All

Bible Hub Interlinear Hebrew and Greek Bible


Bible Hub Hebrew Interlinear | Scripture 4 All Hebrew Interlinear


Mounce Interlinear | Bible Hub Greek Interlinear | Scripture 4 All Greek Interlinear Bible





Psalm Detailed Outline

THE PSALTER:

(SONGS FOR COVENANT WORSHIP)
Deliverance from Sinners and from Sin

Nearly all the Psalms (except Psalm 90) were written during the 612 year period
from the time of David around 1016 B. C. to the close of the Canon in about 404 B. C.
Psalm 90, according to its superscription, was written by Moses; this may have been around 1406 B. C.

BOOK TWO OF FIVE:
PSALMS 42-72.
1016 - 586 B.C. Israel
God is Merciful to the Righteous


Psalm 44
We pray for deliverance from our disgrace and captivity.


Map 1: Bible Nations | Map 2: Empire of David and Solomon Map 3: Kingdoms of Judah and Israel | Post Exile Chronology.


1 To the chief Musician for the sons of Korah, Maschil. [Transposed To Psalm 43] *



We have heard with our ears, O God,
our fathers have told us,
what work thou didst in their days,
in the times of old.
2 How thou didst drive out the heathen with thy hand,
and plantedst them;
how thou didst afflict the people,
and cast them out.
3 For they got not the land in possession by their own sword [For not by their sword they occupied land],
neither did their own arm save them:
but thy right hand,
and thine arm,
and the light of thy countenance,
because thou hadst a favour unto them.


4 Thou art my King, O God:
command deliverances for Jacob.
5 Through thee will we push down our enemies:
through thy name will we tread them under that rise up against us.
6 For I will not trust in my bow,
neither shall my sword save me.
7 But thou hast saved us from our enemies,
and hast put them to shame that hated us.
8 In God we boast all the day long,
and praise thy name for ever.
Selah.


9 But thou hast cast off,
and put us to shame;
and goest not forth with our armies.
10 Thou makest us to turn back from the enemy:
and they which hate us spoil for themselves.
11 Thou hast given us like sheep appointed for meat;
and hast scattered us among the heathen.
12 Thou sellest thy people for nought,
and dost not increase thy wealth by their price.
13 Thou makest us a reproach to our neighbours,
a scorn and a derision to them that are round about us.
14 Thou makest us a byword among the heathen,
a shaking of the head among the people.
15 My confusion is continually [all of the day] before me,
and the shame of my face hath covered me,
16 For the voice of him that reproacheth and blasphemeth;
by reason of [from faces of] the enemy and avenger.


17 All this is come upon us; yet have we not forgotten thee,
neither have we dealt falsely in thy covenant.
18 Our heart is not turned back,
neither have our steps declined from thy way;
19 Though thou hast sore broken us in the place of dragons,
and covered us with the shadow of death.
20 If we have forgotten the name of our God,
or stretched out our hands to a strange god;
21 Shall not God search this out?
for he knoweth the secrets of the heart.
22 Yea, for thy sake are we killed all the day long;
we are counted as sheep for the slaughter.


23 Awake,
why sleepest thou, O Lord?
arise,
cast us not off for ever.
24 Wherefore hidest thou thy face,
and forgettest our affliction and our oppression?
25 For our soul is bowed down to the dust:
our belly cleaveth unto the earth.
26 Arise for our help,
and redeem us for thy mercies' sake [on account of your loving-kindness].


1 To the chief Musician upon Shoshannim, for the sons of Korah, [Transposed From Psalm 45:1] *



* NOTE: On Opening and Closing Comments in the Psalms.
[Some commentators take the Psalm in Habakkuk 3 to be a standard model for the Psalms.
Habakkuk's Psalm begins with the name of the composer (Habakkuk) and a musical notation ("upon Shigionoth").
It closes with a dedication or a "send to" notice ("To the chief singer on my stringed instruments").
I have arranged similar material, where it is found in the Psalter, in accord with the model in Habakkuk.]




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