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Discover the Arts! Each day a different image from the Literary, Performing, or Visual Arts representing a portion of Scripture
plus an explanation with links

2018 June 25



Saint Jerome (1630s)
Trophime Bigot (1579-1650)
Baroque Style
Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica, Rome, Italy
Image Source: Web Gallery of Art

     [ Illustration: Today's painting illustrates several aspects of David's repentance: isolation, extensive self-examination of himself in light of Scripture, and a written account of the resulting repentance. ]



SPECIAL NOTE:

[ I will again be working through the Scriptures from Genesis to Revelation. I will be adding links, resources, images, and the like, upgrading the former work-through which began with the 2013-10-12 posting which can be found, along with the full Genesis to Revelation postings, in the Archive Page. Postings will be at midnight Eastern Time, as I am able. However, no chapters will be skipped, even though a posting may be late. And all postings will be housed in the Archive Page. ]



     Explanation: In Psalm 51, David repents of his sin with Bathsheba.
     The Psalm has two key parts. In the first section (verses 1-17), David prays for himself. In the second section (verses 18-19), David prays for the nation of Israel.
     The Psalm is a Penitential Psalm written in a chiastic style, in which the elements of the first part repeat in reverse order in the second part.
     GROUNDS OF FORGIVENESS. David asks God for mercy in accord with God's lovingkindness and his tender mercy so that his transgressions (his revolt) may be blotted out (1). He asks to be washed thoroughly from his iniquity and cleansed from his sin. A more literal translation would read: "thoroughly trample out my perversity from me" -- in the sense of trampling on clothes to wash them, or to trample on grapes to fully extract the juice (2).
          CONFESSION OF SIN. He acknowledges his transgressions (his revolt); and his sin (offense) is constantly before him (3). He sinned against God, and God only, when he did evil -- in the sense that every sin against others was a sin against the God who made them in his image; and God was just to speak against him (or to state his case against him), as he did when Nathan rebuked him with a message from God. Moreover, God was clearly correct when he pronounced his judgment against him (4). David then confesses his fundamental sinfulness. He was a sinner while he was shaped in his mothers's womb; and even at the moment of his conception he became a sinful man (5).
               PLEA FOR FORGIVENESS AND RESTORATION. God desires truth inwardly; but David will have it only when God teaches him wisdom within (6). So he asks to be purged and washed (trampled clean) so that he will be whiter than snow (7). He asks God to restore his joy and gladness that the bones which God "broke" (crushed) might rejoice (8). He pleads with God to hide his face from his sins, to blot out his iniquities, to create a clean heart within him, and to renew a right (or upright) spirit within him (9-10). He prays that God will not cast him away from his presence and that God will not take his Holy Spirit from him (11). He asks God to restore the joy of his salvation and to uphold him with his Free (or Noble) Spirit (12).
          CONFESSION OF GOD'S MERCY. He says that, when God does these things, he will be able to teach transgressors (like himself - v. 1) the ways of God; and sinners will be converted to the Lord (13). So, again, he asks for forgiveness, specifically from the guilt of shedding blood so that he might sing aloud of God's righteousness (14). And, to that end, he asks God to open his lips and his mouth to show forth his praise (15).
     GROUNDS OF FORGIVENESS: PERSONAL. He acknowledges that God does not desire sacrifices, otherwise he would give them (16). Rather, the sacrifices which God desires are a broken (literally, a burst) spirit and a broken (burst) and contrite (collapsed or prostrate) heart; these God will not despise (17).
     GROUNDS OF FORGIVENESS: NATIONAL. Then, turning his attention to the nation of Israel, whom he has also wronged and weakened as their representative and defender, David asks God to do good in his good pleasure to Zion and to build the walls of Jerusalem -- i.e., to keep her strong (18). Then, says David, God will be pleased with their sacrifices (19).
NOTE. The structure presented above is based on The Literary Structure of the Old Testament, David A. Dorsey, 1999, p. 179.

     [ Sermons: Richard Phillips. Various. ]




Bible Chronologies -- Genesis to Revelation

[Traditional Patriarchal Chronology. Judges Period Chronology 1. Judges Period Chronology 2. Kings of Judah and Israel #1. Kings of Judah and Israel #2].

[Post Exile Chronology 1. Post Exile Chronology 2. Post Exile Chronology 3.]

[Prophets Chronology 1. Prophets Chronology 2. Prophets Chronology 3. Prophets Chronology 4.]

[Intertestamental Period Chronology 1. Intertestamental Period Chronology 2. Intertestamental Period Chronology 3.
Intertestamental Period Chronology 4. Intertestamental Period Chronology 5.]

[New Testament Chronology 1. New Testament Chronology 2. New Testament Chronology 3. New Testament Chronology 4. New Testament Chronology 5.]




RESOURCES

PLEASE NOTE: Use the resources on this and other sites thoughtfully, particularly the commentaries and encyclopedias. I have attempted to list conservative, scholarly resources. However, some providers use liberal or liberal-influenced commentaries such as the Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (in Bible Hub). Such commentaries are undoubtedly included by the provider for the wealth of useful information and comments which they provide. By consulting several commentaries, it should be fairly easy to sort out the wheat from the chaff. If, however, you would like personal assistance, write to me at AD LIB ARTS EMAIL.


          [ THEMATICALLY AND CHRONOLOGICALLY RELATED SCRIPTURES: Psalm 51: 2 Samuel 11. CHIASTIC PSALMS. Psalm 1. Psalm 2. Psalm 3. Psalm 6. Psalm 7. Psalm 8. Psalm 11. Psalm 15. Psalm 18. Psalm 22. Psalm 25. Psalm 26. Psalm 27. Psalm 30. Psalm 44. Psalm 51. Psalm 54. Psalm 56. Psalm 57. Psalm 58. Psalm 67. Psalm 70. Psalm 71. Psalm 72. Psalm 79. Psalm 86. Psalm 100. Psalm 106. Psalm 115. Psalm 126. Psalm 130. Psalm 135. Psalm 137. Psalm 139. Psalm 148. Psalm 150. 2 Samuel 12. PENITENTIAL PSALMS: Psalm 6. Psalm 32. Psalm 38. Psalm 51. Psalm 102. Psalm 130. Psalm 143. ]
[1] Exodus 32:32-33; Numbers 5:23; Psalm 69:28; Isaiah 44:22; Psalm 32:1.
[2] Leviticus 13:6-34.
[4] Romans 3:4; Exodus 18:16-22.
[5] Psalm 129:1.
[6] Job 38:36.
[7] Leviticus 14; Numbers 19; Isaiah 1:18.
[9] Psalm 21:9.
[11] 2 Kings 13:23; 2 Kings 17:20; 2 Kings 24:20; Jeremiah 7:15; 1 Samuel 16:13.
[13] Psalm 50:23.
[14] Psalm 59:2; Psalm 56:13.
[15] Psalm 71:15.
     -- From Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers ]


          [ CHRONOLOGY: GENERAL. Patriarchs (Traditional). Judges # 1. Judges # 2. Kings # 1. Kings # 2. Prophets # 1. Prophets # 2. NT # 1. NT # 2. NT # 3. ]

          [ MAPS: Maps # 1. Maps # 2. Maps # 3. Maps # 4. Maps # 5. ]

          [ COMMENTARIES, ETC: GENERAL: Bible Study Tools; Bible Hub: Study Light; Blue Letter Bible // PSALMS: Monergism: Precept Austin: The Treasury of David; John Gill; John Calvin - Volumes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

          [ MUSIC: GENERAL: The Cyber Hymnal // PSALMS: Group A. Psalm 51 - #1. Psalm 51 - #2. Psalm 51 - #3. Psalm 51 - #4. Group B. [In various traditions, Psalm 51 is numbered as Psalm 50]. Psalm 51 - #1. Psalm 51 - #2. Psalm 51 - #3. Psalm 51 - #4. Psalm 51 - #5. Psalm 51 - #6. Psalm 51 - #7. Genevan Psalter (Instrumental). VARIOUS ARTISTS: Micha'el Ben David. Sons of Korah. Fernando Ortega. Janet Isaac Morrison. Music of the Bible Revealed - Suzanne Haik-Vantoura. Dr. David Erb. Gregorian Chants. ]



HARMONY OF THE LAW


John Calvin - CCEL | Analytical Chart - BLB




GOSPEL HARMONIES

Gospel Harmony - Summary | The Harmony of the Gospels - Augustine | Gospel Harmony Chart - Online Bible

Greek Harmony of the Gospels - Robertson - (Downloadable PDF) | Gospel Harmony in English - Robertson - (Downloadable PDF)



HEBREW AND GREEK INTERLINEAR BIBLES


Hebrew and Greek Interlinear Download - Scripture 4 All

Bible Hub Interlinear Hebrew and Greek Bible


Bible Hub Hebrew Interlinear | Scripture 4 All Hebrew Interlinear


Mounce Interlinear | Bible Hub Greek Interlinear | Scripture 4 All Greek Interlinear Bible





Psalm Detailed Outline

THE PSALTER:

(SONGS FOR COVENANT WORSHIP)
Deliverance from Sinners and from Sin

Nearly all the Psalms (except Psalm 90) were written during the 612 year period
from the time of David around 1016 B. C. to the close of the Canon in about 404 B. C.
Psalm 90, according to its superscription, was written by Moses; this may have been around 1406 B. C.

BOOK TWO OF FIVE:
PSALMS 42-72.
1016 - 586 B.C. Israel
God is Merciful to the Righteous


Psalm 51
O God, wash me thoroughly from my iniquity.


Map 1: Bible Nations | Map 2: Empire of David and Solomon Map 3: Kingdoms of Judah and Israel | Post Exile Chronology.


1 To the chief Musician, [Transposed To Psalm 50] *



A Psalm of David, when Nathan the prophet came unto him, after he had gone in to Bathsheba.


Have mercy upon me, O God,
according to thy lovingkindness:
according unto the multitude of thy tender mercies
blot out my transgressions.
2 Wash me throughly from mine iniquity,
and cleanse me from my sin.


3 For I acknowledge my transgressions:
and my sin is ever before me.
4 Against thee,
thee only,
have I sinned,
and done this evil in thy sight:
that thou mightest be justified when thou speakest,
and be clear when thou judgest.
5 Behold, I was shapen in iniquity;
and in sin did my mother conceive me.


6 Behold, thou desirest truth in the inward parts:
and in the hidden part thou shalt make me to know wisdom.
7 Purge me with hyssop,
and I shall be clean:
wash me,
and I shall be whiter than snow.
8 Make me to hear joy and gladness;
that the bones which thou hast broken may rejoice.
9 Hide thy face from my sins,
and blot out all mine iniquities.
10 Create in me a clean heart, O God;
and renew a right spirit within me.
11 Cast me not away from thy presence;
and take not thy holy spirit from me.
12 Restore unto me the joy of thy salvation;
and uphold me with thy free spirit.


13 Then will I teach transgressors thy ways;
and sinners shall be converted unto thee.
14 Deliver me from bloodguiltiness, O God,
thou God of my salvation:
and my tongue shall sing aloud of thy righteousness.
15 O Lord, open thou my lips;
and my mouth shall shew forth thy praise.


16 For thou desirest not sacrifice;
else would I give it:
thou delightest not in burnt offering.
17 The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit:
a broken and a contrite heart, O God,
thou wilt not despise.





1 To the chief Musician, [Transposed From Psalm 52:1] *



* NOTE: On Opening and Closing Comments in the Psalms.
[Some commentators take the Psalm in Habakkuk 3 to be a standard model for the Psalms.
Habakkuk's Psalm begins with the name of the composer (Habakkuk) and a musical notation ("upon Shigionoth").
It closes with a dedication or a "send to" notice ("To the chief singer on my stringed instruments").
I have arranged similar material, where it is found in the Psalter, in accord with the model in Habakkuk.]




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