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2018 July 30
Psalm 86



Mrs. Musters as Hebe (1785)
Sir Joshua Reynolds (1723-1792)
Classicism Style; in the Grand Manner
Kenwood House (Iveagh Bequest), London, England, United Kingdom
Image Source: Web Gallery of Art

     [ Illustration: Today's painting is of Hebe, handmaiden to the gods. I am using it in reference to verse 16 of today's chapter, which refers to David's mother as God's "handmaid." There is also a comparison to be made between David's mother and Mary, the mother of Jesus, who also referred to herself as the "handmaiden of the Lord" (Luke 1:38, 48). Both women were the mother of God's anointed. ]



SPECIAL NOTE:

[ I will again be working through the Scriptures from Genesis to Revelation. I will be adding links, resources, images, and the like, upgrading the former work-through which began with the 2013-10-12 posting which can be found, along with the full Genesis to Revelation postings, in the Archive Page. Postings will be at midnight Eastern Time, as I am able. However, no chapters will be skipped, even though a posting may be late. And all postings will be housed in the Archive Page. ]



     Explanation: Today's Psalm is chiastic (elements in the first part repeat in reverse order in the second part). See the links in "Thematically and Chronologically Related Scriptures" for further information.
     In Psalm 86, David asks the LORD for help in distressing circumstances and offers various expressions of confidence for a favorable answer as the Psalm develops. Some commentators doubt that David is the author of the Psalm, in spite of the heading which calls him the author. The heading material may or may not be part of the original; but it is ancient; and, where it can be tested, it proves to be consistently reliable. Also, the circumstances fit either the persecutions of Saul or of Absalom. The time of Saul seems most probable to me since David expresses confidence in his integrity and innocence, which was particularly true in his early days during Saul's persecution. By contrast, in the time of Absalom, David has a tendency to acknowledge his sins more often and to plead for mercy because Absalom's persecution came after his sin with Bathsheba.
     Plea for God's Grace. David asks the LORD to bow down his ear and hear him because he is poor and needy. He asks God to preserve his soul because he is holy, because God is his God, and because he trusts in God. He asks for mercy as he cries daily to God. He asks that he may rejoice (1-4).
          God's Goodness as his Basis for Hope. He acknowledges that God is good, ready to forgive, and plenteous in mercy. So he asks God to hear his prayer and expresses confidence that God will answer him in his day of trouble (5-7).
               Praise. He acknowledges that none of the pagan gods are like him; and his works are incomparable. He prophesies that all nations will come and worship before him because of his greatness and his wondrous works (8-10).
                    Prayer for Guidance and Singleness of Heart. So he asks God to teach him his way that he may walk in God's way and have a heart that fears his name (11).
               Praise. Then he will praise God with all of his heart and glorify his name forevermore because God's mercy is great toward him; and God delivers him from the lowest hell (12-13).
          God's Goodness as his Basis for Hope. He directs God's attention to the proud and the violent who have risen against him and have turned away from God. By contrast, he notes that God is filled with compassion, graciousness, longsuffering, mercy, and truth (14-15).
     Plea for God's Grace. He therefore asks God to turn to him, to have mercy on him, to give him strength, and to deliver him. He asks God for a token for good that those who hate him may see in and be ashamed, because God has helped him and comforted him. (16-17).
                    NOTE. The structure presented above is based on The Literary Structure of the Old Testament, David A. Dorsey, 1999, p. 184.

     [ Sermons: J Ligon Duncan III. Various. ]




Bible Chronologies -- Genesis to Revelation

[Traditional Patriarchal Chronology. Judges Period Chronology 1. Judges Period Chronology 2. Kings of Judah and Israel #1. Kings of Judah and Israel #2].

[Post Exile Chronology 1. Post Exile Chronology 2. Post Exile Chronology 3.]

[Prophets Chronology 1. Prophets Chronology 2. Prophets Chronology 3. Prophets Chronology 4.]

[Intertestamental Period Chronology 1. Intertestamental Period Chronology 2. Intertestamental Period Chronology 3.
Intertestamental Period Chronology 4. Intertestamental Period Chronology 5.]

[New Testament Chronology 1. New Testament Chronology 2. New Testament Chronology 3. New Testament Chronology 4. New Testament Chronology 5.]




RESOURCES

PLEASE NOTE: Use the resources on this and other sites thoughtfully, particularly the commentaries and encyclopedias. I have attempted to list conservative, scholarly resources. However, some providers use liberal or liberal-influenced commentaries such as the Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (in Bible Hub). Such commentaries are undoubtedly included by the provider for the wealth of useful information and comments which they provide. By consulting several commentaries, it should be fairly easy to sort out the wheat from the chaff. If, however, you would like personal assistance, write to me at AD LIB ARTS EMAIL.


          [ THEMATICALLY AND CHRONOLOGICALLY RELATED SCRIPTURES: Psalm 86: 1 Samuel 19-31. 2 Samuel 15-18. Psalm 85. CHIASTIC PSALMS. Psalm 1. Psalm 2. Psalm 3. Psalm 6. Psalm 7. Psalm 8. Psalm 11. Psalm 15. Psalm 18. Psalm 22. Psalm 25. Psalm 26. Psalm 27. Psalm 30. Psalm 44. Psalm 51. Psalm 54. Psalm 56. Psalm 57. Psalm 58. Psalm 67. Psalm 70. Psalm 71. Psalm 72. Psalm 79. Psalm 86. Psalm 100. Psalm 106. Psalm 115. Psalm 126. Psalm 130. Psalm 135. Psalm 137. Psalm 139. Psalm 148. Psalm 150. 2 Samuel 12. ]
[2] Psalm 1:5.
[5] Exodus 20:6; Exodus 34:6-9; Numbers 14:18-19.
[8] Exodus 15:11.
[9] Psalm 22:31; Isaiah 43:7.
[11] Psalm 26:3; Deuteronomy 6:5; Deuteronomy 10:12; Jeremiah 32:39.
[12] Psalm 56:13; Psalm 57:9-10.
[13] Psalm 6:5.
[14] Psalm 54:3.
[16] Psalm 116:16; Genesis 14:14; Jeremiah 2:14.
[17] Nehemiah 5:19; Nehemiah 13:31; Jeremiah 24:5-6; Romans 8:28.
     -- From Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers ]


          [ CHRONOLOGY: GENERAL. Patriarchs (Traditional). Judges # 1. Judges # 2. Kings # 1. Kings # 2. Prophets # 1. Prophets # 2. NT # 1. NT # 2. NT # 3. ]

          [ MAPS: Maps # 1. Maps # 2. Maps # 3. Maps # 4. Maps # 5. ]

          [ COMMENTARIES, ETC: GENERAL: Bible Study Tools; Bible Hub: Study Light; Blue Letter Bible // PSALMS: Monergism: Precept Austin: The Treasury of David; John Gill; John Calvin - Volumes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

          [ MUSIC: GENERAL: The Cyber Hymnal // PSALMS: Psalm 86 - #1. Psalm 86 - #2. Psalm 86 - #3. Genevan Psalter (Instrumental). VARIOUS ARTISTS: Micha'el Ben David. Sons of Korah. Fernando Ortega. Janet Isaac Morrison. Music of the Bible Revealed - Suzanne Haik-Vantoura. Dr. David Erb. Gregorian Chants. ]



HARMONY OF THE LAW


John Calvin - CCEL | Analytical Chart - BLB




GOSPEL HARMONIES

Gospel Harmony - Summary | The Harmony of the Gospels - Augustine | Gospel Harmony Chart - Online Bible

Greek Harmony of the Gospels - Robertson - (Downloadable PDF) | Gospel Harmony in English - Robertson - (Downloadable PDF)



HEBREW AND GREEK INTERLINEAR BIBLES


Hebrew and Greek Interlinear Download - Scripture 4 All

Bible Hub Interlinear Hebrew and Greek Bible


Bible Hub Hebrew Interlinear | Scripture 4 All Hebrew Interlinear


Mounce Interlinear | Bible Hub Greek Interlinear | Scripture 4 All Greek Interlinear Bible





Psalm Detailed Outline

THE PSALTER:

(SONGS FOR COVENANT WORSHIP)
Deliverance from Sinners and from Sin

Nearly all the Psalms (except Psalm 90) were written during the 612 year period
from the time of David around 1016 B. C. to the close of the Canon in about 404 B. C.
Psalm 90, according to its superscription, was written by Moses; this may have been around 1406 B. C.

BOOK THREE OF FIVE:
PSALMS 73-89.
1002 - 404 B.C. Israel
God is the Protector of Israel


Psalm 86
O LORD, help me to be righteous, and deliver me.


Map 1: Bible Nations | Map 2: Empire of David and Solomon Map 3: Kingdoms of Judah and Israel | Post Exile Chronology.


1 A Prayer of David.


Bow down thine ear, O LORD,
hear me: for I am poor and needy.
2 Preserve my soul;
for I am holy ["kind" or "merciful"]:
O thou my God,
save thy servant that trusteth in thee.
3 Be merciful ["Bend" or "Stoop"] unto me, O Lord:
for I cry unto thee daily [all of the day].
4 Rejoice the soul of thy servant:
for unto thee, O Lord,
do I lift up my soul.


5 For thou, Lord,
art good,
and ready to forgive;
and plenteous in mercy
unto all them that call upon thee.
6 Give ear, O LORD, unto my prayer;
and attend to the voice of my supplications.
7 In the day of my trouble
I will call upon thee:
for thou wilt answer me.


8 Among the gods there is none like unto thee, O Lord;
neither are there any works like unto thy works.
9 All nations whom thou hast made
shall come and worship before thee, O Lord;
and shall glorify thy name.
10 For thou art great,
and doest wondrous things:
thou art God alone.


11 Teach me thy way, O LORD;
I will walk in thy truth:
unite my heart to fear thy name.


12 I will praise thee, O Lord my God,
with all my heart:
and I will glorify thy name for evermore.
13 For great is thy mercy toward me:
and thou hast delivered my soul from the lowest hell
.

14 O God,
the proud are risen against me,
and the assemblies of violent men
have sought after my soul;
and have not set thee before them.
15 But thou, O Lord,
art a God full of compassion,
and gracious,
longsuffering [slow of anger],
and plenteous in mercy and truth.


16 O turn unto me,
and have mercy upon me;
give thy strength unto thy servant,
and save the son of thine handmaid.
17 Shew me [Do with me] a token for good;
that they which hate me may see it,
and be ashamed:
because thou, LORD, hast holpen me,
and comforted me.


* NOTE: On Opening and Closing Comments in the Psalms.
[Some commentators take the Psalm in Habakkuk 3 to be a standard model for the Psalms.
Habakkuk's Psalm begins with the name of the composer (Habakkuk) and a musical notation ("upon Shigionoth").
It closes with a dedication or a "send to" notice ("To the chief singer on my stringed instruments").
I have arranged similar material, where it is found in the Psalter, in accord with the model in Habakkuk.]




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