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2018 August 22
Psalm 109



Head of a Tramp (1911-1913)
Laszlo Mednyanszky (1852-1919)
Impressionism Style
Magyar Nemzeti Galeria, Budapest, Hungary
Image Source: Web Gallery of Art

     [ Illustration: Today's painting illustrates one of the curses David calls down upon the head of evildoers -- extreme poverty and desolation. ]



SPECIAL NOTE:

[ I will again be working through the Scriptures from Genesis to Revelation. I will be adding links, resources, images, and the like, upgrading the former work-through which began with the 2013-10-12 posting which can be found, along with the full Genesis to Revelation postings, in the Archive Page. Postings will be at midnight Eastern Time, as I am able. However, no chapters will be skipped, even though a posting may be late. And all postings will be housed in the Archive Page. ]



     Explanation: In Psalm 109, the Psalmist cries out to God for deliverance from evildoers. It is ascribed in the title, and in Acts 1:16, to David. And verse 8 is quoted in Acts 1:15-20 in reference to Judas Iscariot, who betrayed Jesus. The Psalm is therefore messianic Messianic, and the curses in it apply particularly to Judas.
     The Psalm opens with comparisons and contrasts in the way words are used by himself, by God, and by his enemies. David begins by asking the God whom he praises not to be silent. He notes that the mouth of the wicked and the deceitful are opened against him; and they have spoken against him with a lying tongue. They surround him with words of hatred; and they fight against him without a cause. In spite of his love for them, they are his adversaries. Yet, instead of retaliating, he gives himself to prayer. But they reward him evil for good and hatred for love (1-5).
     He asks that God will set a wicked man over his persecutor and that Satan would stand at his right hand. He asks that his adversary will be condemned and that his prayer will become sin. He asks that his days will be few and that another will take his office. He asks for affliction to come upon his widow and his children. He asks that the extortioner will plunder him. He asks that there will be no mercy for him or his family, that his posterity will perish, and that his name will be blotted out. He asks that he will pay for the sins of his fathers and for the sin of his mother. He asks that their memory will perish from the earth. Since his adversary showed no mercy, since he persecuted a poor and needy man, since he tried to slay one who was brokenhearted, and since he loved cursing, the Psalmist asks that cursing will come into his bowels like water, like oil into his bones, like a garment which covers him, and like a girdle which surrounds him continually. He asks that this will be the reward from the LORD of those who speak evil against his soul (6-20).
     Conversely, the Psalmist asks God for deliverance for his name's sake, in accord with his mercy, and on account of his many afflictions, which he enumerates. He is poor and needy. His heart is wounded within himself. He has declined like a shadow. He is tossed up and down like a locust. His knees are weak with fasting. His flesh fails. He is a reproach to others, and they shook their heads at him (21-25).
     He asks for help in accord with God's mercy so that his adversaries my know that God's hand has done it. He says, "Let them curse" as long as God will bless. He asks that when they arise they will be ashamed, but that he will rejoice. He asks that shame will cover them like a garment. But he will greatly praise the LORD; and he will do so, not alone, but in the midst of a multitude because God will stand at the right hand of the poor (like himself) and will save him from those who condemn his soul (26-31).


     [ Sermons: J Ligon Duncan III. Various. ]




Bible Chronologies -- Genesis to Revelation

[Traditional Patriarchal Chronology. Judges Period Chronology 1. Judges Period Chronology 2. Kings of Judah and Israel #1. Kings of Judah and Israel #2].

[Post Exile Chronology 1. Post Exile Chronology 2. Post Exile Chronology 3.]

[Prophets Chronology 1. Prophets Chronology 2. Prophets Chronology 3. Prophets Chronology 4.]

[Intertestamental Period Chronology 1. Intertestamental Period Chronology 2. Intertestamental Period Chronology 3.
Intertestamental Period Chronology 4. Intertestamental Period Chronology 5.]

[New Testament Chronology 1. New Testament Chronology 2. New Testament Chronology 3. New Testament Chronology 4. New Testament Chronology 5.]




RESOURCES

PLEASE NOTE: Use the resources on this and other sites thoughtfully, particularly the commentaries and encyclopedias. I have attempted to list conservative, scholarly resources. However, some providers use liberal or liberal-influenced commentaries such as the Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (in Bible Hub). Such commentaries are undoubtedly included by the provider for the wealth of useful information and comments which they provide. By consulting several commentaries, it should be fairly easy to sort out the wheat from the chaff. If, however, you would like personal assistance, write to me at AD LIB ARTS EMAIL.


          [ THEMATICALLY AND CHRONOLOGICALLY RELATED SCRIPTURES: Psalm 109: Acts 1:20. IMPRECATORY PSALMS: Psalm 5. Psalm 10. Psalm 17. Psalm 35. Psalm 58. Psalm 59. Psalm 69. Psalm 70. Psalm 79. Psalm 83. Psalm 109. Psalm 129. Psalm 137. Psalm 140. MESSIANIC PSALMS: Psalm 2. Psalm 8. Psalm 16. Psalm 22. Psalm 31. Psalm 34. Psalm 35. Psalm 40. Psalm 41. Psalm 45. Psalm 68. Psalm 69. Psalm 89. Psalm 102. Psalm 109. Psalm 110. Psalm 118.].
[1] Acts 1:20-21; Deuteronomy 10:20-21; Psalm 106:2-3; Psalm 33:1.
[2] Psalm 12:3.
[4] Psalm 120:7.
[6] Leviticus 26:16; Numbers 4:27; Numbers 27:16; Jeremiah 15:3; Jeremiah 51:27; 1 Chronicles 21:1; Zechariah 3:1.
[14] Psalm 51:5.
[17] Isaiah 11:5.
[23] Psalm 102:11; Song of Solomon 2:17; Nehemiah 5:13; Job 39:20.
     -- From Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers ]


          [ CHRONOLOGY: GENERAL. Patriarchs (Traditional). Judges # 1. Judges # 2. Kings # 1. Kings # 2. Prophets # 1. Prophets # 2. NT # 1. NT # 2. NT # 3. ]

          [ MAPS: Maps # 1. Maps # 2. Maps # 3. Maps # 4. Maps # 5. ]

          [ COMMENTARIES, ETC: GENERAL: Bible Study Tools; Bible Hub: Study Light; Blue Letter Bible // PSALMS: Monergism: Precept Austin: The Treasury of David; John Gill; John Calvin - Volumes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

          [ MUSIC: GENERAL: The Cyber Hymnal // PSALMS: Psalm 109 - #1. Psalm 109 - #2. Genevan Psalter (Instrumental). VARIOUS ARTISTS: Micha'el Ben David. Sons of Korah. Fernando Ortega. Janet Isaac Morrison. Music of the Bible Revealed - Suzanne Haik-Vantoura. Dr. David Erb. Gregorian Chants. ]



HARMONY OF THE LAW


John Calvin - CCEL | Analytical Chart - BLB




GOSPEL HARMONIES

Gospel Harmony - Summary | The Harmony of the Gospels - Augustine | Gospel Harmony Chart - Online Bible

Greek Harmony of the Gospels - Robertson - (Downloadable PDF) | Gospel Harmony in English - Robertson - (Downloadable PDF)



HEBREW AND GREEK INTERLINEAR BIBLES


Hebrew and Greek Interlinear Download - Scripture 4 All

Bible Hub Interlinear Hebrew and Greek Bible


Bible Hub Hebrew Interlinear | Scripture 4 All Hebrew Interlinear


Mounce Interlinear | Bible Hub Greek Interlinear | Scripture 4 All Greek Interlinear Bible





Psalm Detailed Outline

THE PSALTER:

(SONGS FOR COVENANT WORSHIP)
Deliverance from Sinners and from Sin

Nearly all the Psalms (except Psalm 90) were written during the 612 year period
from the time of David around 1016 B. C. to the close of the Canon in about 404 B. C.
Psalm 90, according to its superscription, was written by Moses; this may have been around 1406 B. C.

BOOK FIVE OF FIVE:
PSALMS 107-150.
1016 - 404 B.C. Israel
God Praised & Thanked for His Goodness


Psalm 109
O God, judge our enemies.


Map 1: Bible Nations | Map 2: Empire of David and Solomon Map 3: Kingdoms of Judah and Israel | Post Exile Chronology.


1 To the chief Musician, [Transposed To Psalm 108] *


A Psalm of David. *


Hold not thy peace,
O God of my praise;
2 For the mouth of the wicked
and the mouth of the deceitful
are opened against me:
they have spoken against me
with a lying tongue.
3 They compassed me about also
with words of hatred;
and fought against me without a cause.
4 For my love they are my adversaries:
but I give myself unto prayer.
5 And they have rewarded me [And they put upon me] evil for good,
and hatred for my love.


6 Set thou a wicked man over him:
and let Satan stand at his right hand.
7 When he shall be judged,
let him be condemned [he shall depart condemned]:
and let his prayer become sin.
8 Let his days be few;
and let another take his office.
9 Let his children be fatherless,
and his wife a widow.
10 Let his children be continually vagabonds [And wandering they shall wander],
and beg:
let them seek their bread also out of their desolate places.
11 Let the extortioner catch all that he hath;
and let the strangers spoil his labour.
12 Let there be none to extend mercy unto him:
neither let there be any to favour his fatherless children.
13 Let his posterity be cut off;
and in the generation following let their name be blotted out.
14 Let the iniquity of his fathers be remembered with the LORD;
and let not the sin of his mother be blotted out.
15 Let them be before the LORD continually,
that he may cut off the memory of them from the earth.
16 Because that he remembered not to shew mercy,
but persecuted the poor and needy man,
that he might even slay the broken in heart.
17 As he loved cursing,
so let it come unto him:
as he delighted not in blessing,
so let it be far from him.
18 As he clothed himself with cursing
like as with his garment,
so let it come into his bowels like water,
and like oil into his bones.
19 Let it be unto him as the garment which coverth him,
and for a girdle wherewith he is girded continually.
20 Let this be the reward of mine adversaries from the LORD,
and of them that speak evil against my soul.


21 But do thou for me, O GOD the Lord,
for thy name's sake:
because thy mercy is good,
deliver thou me.
22 For I am poor and needy,
and my heart is wounded within me.
23 I am gone like the shadow when it declineth:
I am tossed up and down as the locust.
24 My knees are weak through fasting;
and my flesh faileth of fatness.
25 I became also a reproach unto them:
when they looked upon me
they shaked their heads.


26 Help me, O LORD my God:
O save me according to thy mercy:
27 That they may know that this is thy hand;
that thou, LORD, hast done it.
28 Let them curse,
but bless thou:
when they arise,
let them be ashamed;
but let thy servant rejoice.
29 Let mine adversaries be clothed with shame,
and let them cover themselves with their own confusion,
as with a mantle.
30 I will greatly praise the LORD with my mouth;
yea, I will praise him among the multitude.
31 For he shall stand at the right hand of the poor,
to save him from those that condemn his soul.


* NOTE: On Opening and Closing Comments in the Psalms.
[Some commentators take the Psalm in Habakkuk 3 to be a standard model for the Psalms.
Habakkuk's Psalm begins with the name of the composer (Habakkuk) and a musical notation ("upon Shigionoth").
It closes with a dedication or a "send to" notice ("To the chief singer on my stringed instruments").
I have arranged similar material, where it is found in the Psalter, in accord with the model in Habakkuk.]




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