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2019 May 13
Daniel 1





Image 1: Jewish Captives at Babylon (1861)
Edward Harrison May (1824 - 1887)
Romanticism Style
Private Collection
Image Source: Web Gallery of Art

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Image 2: Still-Life (c. 1645)
Willem van Aelst (born 1627 - died in or after 1683)
Dutch Golden Age Baroque Style
Private Collection
Image Source: Web Gallery of Art

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Image 3: The Prophet Daniel (c. 1507)
Michelangelo (1475 - 1564)
High Renaissance Style
Sistine Chapel, in the Apostolic Palace, Vatican City, Rome, Italy
Image Source: Web Gallery of Art


     [ Illustration: The First Image depicts Jewish captives in Babylon. The book of Daniel opens with a brief account of the captivity and introduces Daniel and his companions to the reader. The Second Image depicts sumptuous fruit in an elegant setting, the kind of fare which Daniel and his friends would have enjoyed in Babylon. It was necessary for them to eat fruits and vegetables in order to avoid being defiled by the king's food. The Third Image depicts the prophet Daniel, who emerged as the leader of the four Hebrew children mentioned in the first chapter. He became very powerful and very influential in Babylon politically and spiritually. ]



SPECIAL NOTE:

[ I will again be working through the Scriptures from Genesis to Revelation. I will be adding links, resources, images, and the like, upgrading the former work-through which began with the 2013-10-12 posting which can be found, along with the full Genesis to Revelation postings, in the Archive Page. Postings will be at midnight Eastern Time, as I am able. However, no chapters will be skipped, even though a posting may be late. And all postings will be housed in the Archive Page. ]



     Explanation: In Daniel 1, the Book of Daniel opens with a notation that Jehoiakim king of Judah was captured by Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon (around 605 B. C.) during a siege of Jerusalem and deported to Babylon in the land of Shinar along with Daniel and his three friends Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah (later called Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego). These four were set aside (along with others) to study the language and learning of the Chaldeans. Everyone was given a daily allotment of food and wine from the kings provisions; but Daniel and his three friends asked for vegetables (beans, herbs, grain, fruit, etc.) and water so that they would not be defiled with the king's food by eating something thing that possibly had been sacrificed to pagan gods or was something forbidden by the Mosaic dietary laws. The LORD blessed the young men for their stance and for other principled acts, and Daniel lived until the first year of Cyrus (538 B.C.). He thus lived to see Cyrus issue a decree that ended the Babylonian Captivity.
     The Exiles (1-7). Nebuchadnezzar took Jehoiakim king of Judah and many of his people captive into Babylon. Among them were Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah whom the Babylonians named Belteshazzar, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego. Because of their wisdom and ability, these four were put into the service of Nebuchadnezzar and given a portion of his food to eat.
     Their First Challenge (8-21). However, some of the food was unclean according to the Biblical standards, so Daniel asked their overseer, Melzar, to allow them to eat only fruits and vegetables for ten days to see if the diet improved or worsened their appearance. Their appearance improved, so Melzar allowed them to eat the foods they preferred. Their appearance improved, and they were allowed to continue with their preferred diet.
Alternate Chapter Outline: Various authors see a chiastic * structure in this and other chapters in Daniel. Below, I have presented the outline of David A. Dorsey, slightly modified, from his book The Literary Structure of the Old Testament (p. 261). Below, I have made the paragraph divisions of Daniel 1 in accord with Dorsey's chiastic divisions.
      * A chiastic structure is a literary form of parallelism in which a succession of ideas leads up to an emphatic central point then repeats in reverse order.

Chapter 1: The Challenge of Purity

a. Introduction: Judah conquered by Nebuchadnezzar (in first year of Babylon's king) (1:1-2)
    b. Daniel and three friends chosen for three years training for service to the king (1:3-7)
        c. Ritually pure diet requested on a trial basis (1:8-14)
            d. CLIMAX: Success! They become healthier than the rest (1:15)
        c'. Ritually pure diet continued on a permanent basis (1:16-17)
    b'. Daniel and three friends chosen at the end of three years to enter the king's service (1:18-20)
a'. Conclusion: Daniel continues in service until first year of Persia's king (1:21) - [and beyond: Daniel 10:1]


     [ Sermons: Sinclair B Ferguson. William Still. Various. ]




Bible Chronologies -- Genesis to Revelation

[Traditional Patriarchal Chronology. Judges Period Chronology 1. Judges Period Chronology 2. Kings of Judah and Israel #1. Kings of Judah and Israel #2].

[Post Exile Chronology 1. Post Exile Chronology 2. Post Exile Chronology 3.]

[Prophets Chronology 1. Prophets Chronology 2. Prophets Chronology 3. Prophets Chronology 4.]

[Intertestamental Period Chronology 1. Intertestamental Period Chronology 2. Intertestamental Period Chronology 3.
Intertestamental Period Chronology 4. Intertestamental Period Chronology 5.]

[New Testament Chronology 1. New Testament Chronology 2. New Testament Chronology 3. New Testament Chronology 4. New Testament Chronology 5.]




RESOURCES

PLEASE NOTE: Use the resources on this and other sites thoughtfully, particularly the commentaries and encyclopedias. I have attempted to list conservative, scholarly resources. However, some providers use liberal or liberal-influenced commentaries such as the Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (in Bible Hub). Such commentaries are undoubtedly included by the provider for the wealth of useful information and comments which they provide. By consulting several commentaries, it should be fairly easy to sort out the wheat from the chaff. If, however, you would like personal assistance, write to me at AD LIB ARTS EMAIL.


          [ THEMATICALLY AND CHRONOLOGICALLY RELATED SCRIPTURES: Daniel 1: Daniel 1. Daniel 2. Daniel 3. Daniel 4. Daniel 5. Daniel 6. ]
[1] Jeremiah 46:2.
[2] Genesis 10:10.
[3] Jeremiah 39:3; Isaiah 39:7.
[4] Daniel 2:26.
[5] Jeremiah 52:34.
[6] 2 Kings 23:34; 2 Kings 24:17; Daniel 4:18.
[7] Daniel 4:8; Daniel 5:12; Daniel 2:49; Daniel 3:12-30.
[8] Genesis 39:21; 1 Kings 8:50; Nehemiah 1:11; Psalm 106:46.
[9] Genesis 39:21; Acts 7:10.
[10] Proverbs 29:25; John 12:42-43.
[11-13] Deuteronomy 12:15-16; Deuteronomy 26:5; Deuteronomy 26:9; 1 Samuel 17:17-18; Genesis 1:29-30; Daniel 10:3.
[14-16] Exodus 23:25; Deuteronomy 28:1-14; Isaiah 52:11.
[17] Daniel 2:21-23; Proverbs 2:6; Luke 21:15; Acts 6:10; Acts 7:22.
[18] Daniel 2:1; Daniel 2:28.
[19] Proverbs 22:29.
[20] 1 Kings 4:29-34; Psalm 119:99; Daniel 2:2-11; Daniel 2:21-13; Daniel 4:7-8; Daniel 5:7-8, 17; Genesis 41:8.
[21] Daniel 10:1; Daniel 6:28.
     -- From Treasury of Scripture Knowledge & Others ]


          [ CHRONOLOGY: GENERAL. Patriarchs (Traditional). Judges # 1. Judges # 2. Kings # 1. Kings # 2. Prophets # 1. Prophets # 2. NT # 1. NT # 2. NT # 3. ]

          [ MAPS: Maps # 1. Maps # 2. Maps # 3. Maps # 4. Maps # 5. ]

          [ COMMENTARIES, ETC: GENERAL: Bible Study Tools; Bible Hub: Study Light; Blue Letter Bible // PSALMS: Monergism: Precept Austin: The Treasury of David; John Gill; John Calvin - Volumes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

          [ MUSIC: GENERAL: The Cyber Hymnal // PSALMS: Genevan Psalter (Instrumental). PROVERBS: Book of Proverbs. ECCLESIASTES: Book of Ecclesiastes Dramatized. SONG OF SOLOMON: Song of Solomon Dramatized. ISAIAH: Isaiah Dramatized. JEREMIAH: Jeremiah Dramatized. LAMENTATIONS: Lamentations Dramatized. EZEKIEL: Ezekiel Dramatized. DANIEL: Daniel Dramatized. VARIOUS ARTISTS: Micha'el Ben David. Sons of Korah. Fernando Ortega. Janet Isaac Morrison. Music of the Bible Revealed - Suzanne Haik-Vantoura. Dr. David Erb. Gregorian Chants. ]



HARMONY OF THE LAW


John Calvin - CCEL | Analytical Chart - BLB




GOSPEL HARMONIES

Gospel Harmony - Summary | The Harmony of the Gospels - Augustine | Gospel Harmony Chart - Online Bible

Greek Harmony of the Gospels - Robertson - (Downloadable PDF) | Gospel Harmony in English - Robertson - (Downloadable PDF)



HEBREW AND GREEK INTERLINEAR BIBLES


Hebrew and Greek Interlinear Download - Scripture 4 All

Bible Hub Interlinear Hebrew and Greek Bible


Bible Hub Hebrew Interlinear | Scripture 4 All Hebrew Interlinear


Mounce Interlinear | Bible Hub Greek Interlinear | Scripture 4 All Greek Interlinear Bible





Daniel Detailed Outline



Daniel 1


Map 1: Bible Nations | Map 2: Empire of David and Solomon Map 3: Kingdoms of Judah and Israel | Post Exile Chronology.


1. Spiritual Struggle in Babylon (1:1 - 6:28)

A. The Struggle With Defilement - Won When God Opened the Chief Official's Heart (1:1-21)


     1 In the third year of the reign of Jehoiakim king of Judah came Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon unto Jerusalem, and besieged it. 2 And the Lord gave [this] Jehoiakim king of Judah into his hand, with part of the vessels of the house of God: which he carried into the land of Shinar to the house of his god; and he bought the vessels into the treasure house of his god.

     3 And the king spake unto Ashpenaz the master of his eunuchs, that he should bring certain of the children of the [sons of] Israel, and of the king's seed, and of the princes; 4 Children [Boys] in whom was no [nothing of any] blemish, but well favoured, and skilful in all wisdom, and cunning in knowledge, and understanding science, and such as had ability in them to stand in the king's palace, and whom they might teach the learning and the tongue of the Chaldeans. 5 And the king appointed them a daily [a day in his day] provision of the king's meat [delicacies], and of the wine which he drank: so nourishing them three years, that at the end thereof they might stand before the king. 6 Now among these were of the children of [sons of] Judah, Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah: 7 Unto whom the prince of the eunuchs gave names: for he gave unto Daniel the name of Belteshazzar; and to Hananiah, of Shadrach; and to Mishael, of Meshach; and to Azariah, of Abednego.

     8 But Daniel purposed in his heart that he would not defile himself with the portion of the king's meat [with delicacies of the king], nor with the wine which he drank: therefore he requested of the prince of the eunuchs that he might not defile himself. 9 Now God had bought [this] Daniel into favour and tender love with [before] the prince of the eunuchs. 10 And the prince of the eunuchs said unto Daniel, I fear [this] my lord the king, who hath appointed [this] your meat and your drink: for why should he see [this] your faces worse liking than the children [boys] which are of your sort? then shall ye make me endanger [this] my head to the king. 11 Then said Daniel to Melzar, whom the prince of the eunuchs had set over Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah, 12 Prove [this] thy servants, I beseech thee, ten days; and let them give us pulse [vegetables] to eat, and water to drink. 13 Then let our countenances be looked upon before thee, and the countenance of the children [boys] that eat of [this] the portion of the king's meat [delicacies of the king]: and as thou seest, deal with thy servants. 14 So he consented to them in this matter, and proved them ten days.

     15 And at the end of ten days their countenances appeared fairer and fatter in flesh than all the children [boys] which did eat [this] the portion of the king's meat [delicacies of the king].

     16 Thus Melzar took away the portion of [this] their meat [their delicacies], and the wine that they should drink; and gave them pulse [vegetables]. 17 As for these four children [boys], God gave them knowledge and skill in all learning and wisdom: and Daniel had understanding in all visions and dreams.

     18 Now at the end of the days that the king had said he should bring them in, then the prince of the eunuchs bought them in before Nebuchadnezzar. 19 And the king communed with them; and among them all was found none like Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah: therefore stood they before the king. 20 And in all matters of wisdom and understanding, that the king enquired of them, he found them ten times better than [ten hands above] all the magicians and astrologers that were in all his realm.

     21 And Daniel continued even unto the first year of king Cyrus.





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