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2023 August 16
Amos 1



Gaza (1839)
Art by David Roberts (1796-1864), and Lithography by Louis Haghe (1806-1885)
Orientalism Style of Academic Art
Contained in the Books The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, Egypt and Nubia (1842-1846), and Egypt and Nubia (1846-1849)
Image Source: OldBookArt.com


Today's image is of Gaza, one of the places upon which the LORD would send judgment because of their sins.





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     Explanation [Book]: Theology. Amos emphasizes the unlimited power of Jehovah to magnify "the terror of the approaching judgment." The Old Testament does not have a word for omnipotence, rather it is described figuratively by various writers, just as Amos does. (Vos, Biblical Theology, 258). Vos emphasizes the fact that God knows and judges all moral acts - the righteousness of cognizance, to use Vos' term. Amos speaks of the covenant as a marriage between Israel and Jehovah (3:2). Vos also "speaks of the 'torah' and the 'chuqqim' which the Judaeans have rejected (2:4)." (Vos, Biblical Theology, 282). [Overview: James Philip. ].
     History. The opening words of the book give the historical setting. "The words of Amos, who was among the herdmen of Tekoa, which he saw concerning Israel in the days of Uzziah king of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam the son of Joash king of Israel, two years before the earthquake." (Amos 1:1). Uzziah (790-740 BC) and Jeroboam (793-753 BC) were contemporaries for about 37 years (790-753 BC), so Amos prophesied to the two of them sometime during this period. From 2 Kings 14 and 2 Chronicles 26 we learn that Uzziah of Judah reigned for 52 years, was successful and famous militarily, and was faithful to the LORD till he tried to usurp the duties of the priests. The LORD smote him with leprosy for this act and he spent the last few years of his reign living in a house separated from everyone else. He died in the same year in which Isaiah was called to the prophetic ministry (Isaiah 6). By contrast to Uzziah of Judah, Israel's king, Jeroboam the son of Joash (aka Jeroboam II the son of Jehoash), was far worse; he was a wicked king for all of the 41 years of his reign.
     Amos was a herdsman of Tekoa in Judah south of Bethlehem (1:1). He was also a gatherer of sycamore fruit (7:14-15). He was a herder of oxen, or sheep and a piercer or scraper (cultivator) of sycamore figs, work which he did, perhaps, for grazing rights. Moreover, he was neither a prophet, nor a son of a prophet (a "student" or a member in a guild of prophets) - (7:14). Amos makes these statements to Amaziah the priest of Bethel, to confront him and all of Israel with the fact that the LORD told Amos to prophesy; so their demand that he shut up was really a demand that God shut up. Instead, said Amos, his critic would be destroyed and Israel would go into captivity (7:16-17).
     Explanation [Chapter]: In Amos 1, Amos introduces himself and prophesies against Syria, Philistia, Tyre, Edom, and Ammon. For each of these countries he prophesies fire. Other judgments will come as well, but fire will fall upon them all. These prophecies were given "two years before the earthquake." According to Dean Plumptre, "It seems to have been the first great earthquake in the history of Israel. It occurred in the time of Uzziah (Amos 1:1; Zechariah 14:5). There is no trace of anything of the kind in the Book of Judges, or in the earlier history of the Kings (quoted in The Biblical Illustrator, by Joseph S. Exell). And concerning the nations which Amos mentions, Meyer says, "The order followed is Syria, Amos 1:3; Philistia, Amos 1:6; Tyre, Amos 1:9; Edom, Amos 1:11; Ammon, Amos 1:13; Moab, Amos 2:1. Each of these neighboring kingdoms was successively overwhelmed by the invasion of the great countries that lay in the valley of the Euphrates. Tiglath-pileser began and ultimately Nebuchadnezzar finished the work of desolation. But in turn the conquerors, becoming enervated by uninterrupted success and prosperity, were also swept away" (Through the Bible Day by Day, F. B. Meyer).
     [Sermons: Eric Alexander. Phillip Jensen. William Still. ].


          THEMATICALLY AND CHRONOLOGICALLY RELATED SCRIPTURES: JUDAH: Athaliah (841-835 BC) -- 2 Kings 11; 2 Chronicles 22-23; Joash (Jehoash) (835-796 BC) -- 2 Kings 12; 2 Chronicles 24. ISRAEL: Jehu (841-814 BC) -- 2 Kings 9-10; 2 Chronicles 22:8-10; Hosea 1:4-5].

          [ CROSS REFERENCES FOR THE WHOLE BIBLE ]:

               For extensive lists of Cross references See the following sites:

                    Treasury of Scripture Knowledge - Bible Hub (all Cross References are written out in full)
                    Open Bible Cross References - Open Bible (all Cross References are written out in full)

          [ CHRONOLOGY: GENERAL. Patriarchs (Traditional). Judges # 1. Judges # 2. Kings # 1. Kings # 2. Prophets # 1. Prophets # 2. NT # 1. NT # 2. NT # 3. ]

          [ MAPS: Maps # 1. Maps # 2. Maps # 3. Maps # 4. Maps # 5. ]

          [ COMMENTARIES, ETC: GENERAL: Bible Study Tools; Bible Hub: Study Light; Blue Letter Bible // PSALMS: Monergism: Precept Austin: The Treasury of David; John Gill; John Calvin - Volumes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]

          [ MUSIC: GENERAL: The Cyber Hymnal // PSALMS: Genevan Psalter (Instrumental). VARIOUS ARTISTS: Micha'el Ben David. Sons of Korah. Fernando Ortega. Janet Isaac Morrison. Music of the Bible Revealed - Suzanne Haik-Vantoura. Dr. David Erb. Gregorian Chants. ]




Amos Structural Outline


1. Prophecy Against Israel (Amos 1:1-2) - 760 B.C., Israel
2. Prophecies Against the Nations Bordering Israel [Damascus, Gaza, Tyre, Edom, Ammon, Moab] - (1:3 - 2:3) - 760 B.C., Israel
3. Prophecies, Negative and Positive, About Judah & Israel (2:4 - 9:15) - 760 B.C., Israel


Amos 1


1. Prophecy Against Israel (Amos 1:1-2) - 760 B.C., Israel


     1 The words of Amos, who was among the herdmen of Tekoa, which he saw concerning Israel in the days of Uzziah king of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam the son of Joash king of Israel, two years before the earthquake.
     2 And he said, The LORD will roar from Zion, and utter his voice from Jerusalem; and the habitations of the shepherds shall mourn, and the top of Carmel shall wither.


2. Prophecies Against the Nations Bordering Israel [Damascus, Gaza, Tyre, Edom, Ammon, Moab] - (1:3 - 2:3) - 760 B.C., Israel


     3 Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Damascus, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they have threshed [this] Gilead with threshing instruments of iron: 4 But I will send a fire into the house of Hazael, which shall devour the palaces of Benhadad. 5 I will break also the bar of Damascus, and cut off the inhabitant from the plain of Aven, and him that holdeth the sceptre from the house of Eden [Beth-Eden]: and the people of Syria shall go into captivity unto Kir, saith the LORD.
     6 Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Gaza, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they carried away captive the whole captivity, to deliver them up to Edom: 7 But I will send a fire on the wall of Gaza, which shall devour the palaces thereof: 8 And I will cut off the inhabitant from Ashdod, and him that holdeth the sceptre from Ashkelon, and I will turn mine hand against Ekron: and the remnant of the Philistines shall perish, saith the Lord GOD.
     9 Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Tyrus, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they delivered up the whole captivity to Edom, and remembered not the brotherly covenant: 10 But I will send a fire on the wall of Tyrus, which shall devour the palaces thereof.
     11 Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Edom, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because he did pursue his brother with the sword, and did cast off all pity, and his anger did tear perpetually, and he kept his wrath for ever: 12 But I will send a fire upon Teman, which shall devour the palaces of Bozrah.
     13 Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of the children [sons] of Ammon, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they have ripped up the women with child of Gilead, that they might enlarge [this] their border: 14 But I will kindle a fire in the wall of Rabbah, and it shall devour the palaces thereof, with shouting in the day of battle, with a tempest in the day of the whirlwind: 15 And their king shall go into captivity, he and his princes together, saith the LORD.




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