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Discover the Arts! Each day a different image from the Literary, Performing, or Visual Arts representing a portion of Scripture
plus an explanation with links

2017 March 15







Image 1: A Great Cry In Egypt (1897)
Arthur Hacker (1858-1919)
Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood Style
Private Collection
Image Source: Wikimedia

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Image 2: The Feast of the Passover (1464-1467)
Dieric Bouts the Elder (c. 1415-1475)
Early Netherlandish Style
St. Peter's Church of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Image Credit: Web Gallery of Art

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Image 3: The Death Pharaoh's Firstborn Son (1872)
Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema (1836-1912)
Romanticism Style
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Image Credit: Wikimedia

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Image 4: Lamentations over the Death of the First-Born of Egypt (1877)
Charles Sprague Pearce (1851-1914)
Orientalism Style of Realism with Academic Affinities
Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, D.C., USA
Image Credit: Wikipedia

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Image 5: The Israelites Leaving Egypt (c. 1828 to 1830)
David Roberts (1796-1864)
Orientalism Style of Academic Art
Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom
Image Source: Wikipedia


SPECIAL NOTE:

[ I will again be working through the Scriptures from Genesis to Revelation. I will be adding links, resources, images, and the like, upgrading the former work-through which began with the 2013-10-12 posting which can be found, along with the full Genesis to Revelation postings, in the Archive Page. Postings will be at midnight Eastern Time, as I am able. However, no days will be skipped, even though a posting may be late. And all postings will be housed in the Archive Page. ]


     Explanation: Exodus 12 begins after Moses and Aaron leave Pharaoh, shortly before the tenth and final plague, the Death of the Firstborn. The LORD told them that the month in which they left would be a new beginning for their (religious) year. In that month, on the tenth day of the month, every year, every man was to set aside an unblemished lamb from the sheep or the goats and slaughter it on the fourteenth day of the month at twilight (1-6).
     They were then to put its blood on the door posts and lintel of the houses in which it was being eaten. Various other regulations applied, including complete consumption of the animal or burning of any remnants by the time morning arrived; it had to be eaten in haste, belt on, sandals fastened, and staff in hand; the LORD himself was going to go through the land and slay the firstborn of man and beast, apparently through the agency of "the destroyer." Who was this Destroyer? Was he an angel from heaven? Or was he the Second Person of the Trinity? The matter is unclear. What we know is that the LORD himself was there, and he directed the actions of the Destroyer (verse 23). But he promised to pass over the houses upon which he saw the blood (7-13).
     This day was to be a memorial of that event. For seven days (in future years) they were to eat unleavened bread and call it the Feast of Unleavened Bread (14-20). Then Moses told the elders to select lambs, kill them, put the blood on the door posts and lintel, and stay indoors until the morning, otherwise the LORD would not pass over them and leave them unharmed. This was to be a perpetual regulation and it was to be explained to their children, giving the history of the event. The people bowed in worship (21-27).
     They then did as the LORD commanded (28). At midnight the LORD and his destroyer (verse 23) killed all the firstborn of men and animals, as he had said. A great cry arose in the land because every house had at least one who was dead; Pharaoh then summoned Moses and Aaron by night and told them to leave with their families, flocks, and herds; and he asked them to bless him also (29-32).
     The Egyptians were eager to send them out because they were all afraid that they might die; so, as provisions for the journey, the Israelites took their unleavened dough and their kneading bowls together with the silver, gold, and clothing they asked from the Egyptians, and thus plundered the Egyptians (33-36).
     Six hundred thousand men with women and children (perhaps 1,400,000 to 2,400,00 in total) journeyed from Rameses to Succoth (about 8 miles according to John Gill), together with a mixed multitude and all their livestock, and they baked their dough in a temporary camp at Succoth, which means "booths," "lean-to's," or "shelters" (37-39).
     Many date this event at about 1446 B. C., and recent archaeological evidence supports this date against those who claim a date about two centuries later. Israel had lived in Egypt for 430 years and left on the very day that they had entered Egypt; since it was a night in which the LORD watched over them, it was commemorated throughout Israel's generations as a night of watching (40-42).
     The LORD told Moses and Aaron that no foreigner or hired worker could eat the Passover, but circumcised slaves could eat of it; sojourners also could eat of it if they were circumcised (43-49). The people obeyed the LORD; and the LORD brought them out of the land of Egypt by their hosts -- or armies, or masses. In short, they went out in a highly organized way. This was no ragged horde of people. The Exodus was planned, structured, and efficient (50-51).
     [ Sermons: Eric Alexander. Dominic Smart. James Philip. Various. ]
     [ Illustration: The First Painting above depicts the death angel going throughout the land of Egypt slaying the firstborn in the houses which were not protected by the blood on the door posts and lintels. This is the destroyer mentioned in verse 23. Also, the LORD himself went through the land, supervising the destruction. The Second Painting depicts the eating of the Passover lamb, which was going on while the death angel passed through the land of Egypt. The Third Painting depicts the death of Pharaoh's firstborn. The Fourth Painting depicts the death of the firstborn among the peasants. However, Pearce has taken some artistic license with the setting and especially with the casket, which is far more elaborate than one would expect for a peasant's burial.
The Fifth Painting depicts the departure of Israel from Egypt, which Pharaoh hastened to allow after the death of the firstborn. ]







RESOURCES

PLEASE NOTE: Use the resources on this and other sites thoughtfully, particularly the commentaries and encyclopedias. I have attempted to list conservative, scholarly resources. However, some providers use liberal or liberal-influenced commentaries such as the Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (in Bible Hub). Such commentaries are undoubtedly included by the provider for the wealth of useful information and comments which they provide. By consulting several commentaries, it should be fairly easy to sort out the wheat from the chaff. If, however, you would like personal assistance, write to me at AD LIB ARTS EMAIL.


          [ THEMATICALLY AND CHRONOLOGICALLY RELATED SCRIPTURES: Exodus 12: [14] Leviticus 23:6; Matthew 26:17. [15] 1 Corinthians 5:8. [36] Genesis 39:21; Exodus 3:21; Exodus 11:3; Daniel 1:9. [46] John 19:36; Numbers 9:12. -- From the KJV Reference Bible ]

          [ CHRONOLOGY: GENERAL. Patriarchs (Traditional). Judges # 1. Judges # 2. Kings # 1. Kings # 2. Prophets # 1. Prophets # 2. NT # 1. NT # 2. NT # 3. ]

          [ MAPS: Maps # 1. Maps # 2. Maps # 3. Maps # 4. Maps # 5. ]

          [ COMMENTARIES, ETC: GENERAL: Bible Study Tools; Bible Hub: Study Light; Blue Letter Bible // PSALMS: Monergism: Precept Austin: The Treasury of David; John Gill; John Calvin - Volumes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

          [ MUSIC: GENERAL: The Cyber Hymnal // PSALMS: Genevan Psalter (Instrumental). VARIOUS ARTISTS: Micha'el Ben David. Sons of Korah. Fernando Ortega. Janet Isaac Morrison. Music of the Bible Revealed - Suzanne Haik-Vantoura. Dr. David Erb. Gregorian Chants. ]




HARMONY OF THE LAW


John Calvin - CCEL | Analytical Chart - BLB




GOSPEL HARMONIES

Gospel Harmony - Summary | The Harmony of the Gospels - Augustine | Gospel Harmony Chart - Online Bible

Greek Harmony of the Gospels - Robertson - (Downloadable PDF) | Gospel Harmony in English - Robertson - (Downloadable PDF)




HEBREW AND GREEK INTERLINEAR BIBLES


Bible Hub Interlinear Hebrew and Greek Bible


Bible Hub Hebrew Interlinear | Scripture 4 All Hebrew Interlinear


Mounce Interlinear | Bible Hub Greek Interlinear | Scripture 4 All Greek Interlinear Bible





Pentateuch Detailed Outline:

Genesis Detailed Outline:

Exodus Detailed Outline:





Exodus 12


EXODUS (COVENANT PEOPLE DELIVERED AND INSTRUCTED: COVENANT ESTABLISHED)


1. Promised (Covenanted) Deliverance [cf., Ge 15:16]


{Pentateuch Outline: Section 13. Generations of Levi - Ex 6:14 - Nu 2:34) - 1446 - 1445 B.C. Egypt & Sinai}


B. 4th Generation: Covenant Deliverance From Egypt Completed: (Ex 6:14 - Ex 18:27) - 1446 B.C. Egypt to Sinai


1 And the LORD spake unto Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying, 2 This month shall be unto you the beginning of months: it shall be the first month of the year to you. 3 Speak ye unto all the congregation of Israel, saying, In the tenth day of this month they shall take to them every man a lamb, according to the house of their fathers, a lamb for an house: 4 And if the household be too little for the lamb, let him and his neighbour next unto his house take it according to the number of the souls; every man according to his eating shall make your count for the lamb. 5 Your lamb shall be without blemish, a male [a son of the first year]: ye shall take it out from the sheep, or from the goats: 6 And ye shall keep it up until the fourteenth day of the same month: and the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it in the evening. 7 And they shall take of the blood, and strike it on the two side posts and on the upper door post of the houses, wherein they shall eat it. 8 And they shall eat the flesh in that night, roast with fire, and unleavened bread; and with bitter herbs they shall eat it. 9 Eat not of it raw, nor sodden at all with water, but roast with fire; his head with his legs, and with the purtenance thereof. 10 And ye shall let nothing of it remain until the morning; and that which remaineth of it until the morning ye shall burn with fire. 11 And thus shall ye eat it; with your loins girded, your shoes on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and ye shall eat it in haste: it is the LORD'S passover. 12 For I will pass through the land of Egypt this night, and will smite all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgment: I am the LORD. 13 And the blood shall be to you for a token upon the houses where ye are: and when I see the blood, I will pass over you, and the plague shall not be upon you to destroy you, when I smite the land of Egypt. 14 And this day shall be unto you for a memorial; and ye shall keep it a feast to the LORD throughout your generations; ye shall keep it a feast by an ordinance for ever. 15 Seven days shall ye eat unleavened bread; even the first day ye shall put away leaven out of your houses: for whosoever eateth leavened bread from the first day until the seventh day, that soul shall be cut off from Israel. 16 And in the first day there shall be an holy convocation, and in the seventh day there shall be an holy convocation to you; no manner of work shall be done in them, save that which every man must eat, that only may be done of you. 17 And ye shall observe the feast of unleavened bread; for in this selfsame day have I brought your armies out of the land of Egypt: therefore shall ye observe this day in your generations by an ordinance for ever. 18 In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at even, ye shall eat unleavened bread, until the one and twentieth day of the month at even. 19 Seven days shall there be no leaven found in your houses: for whosoever eateth that which is leavened, even that soul shall be cut off from the congregation of Israel, whether he be a stranger, or born in the land. 20 Ye shall eat nothing leavened; in all your habitations shall ye eat unleavened bread. 21 Then Moses called for all the elders of Israel, and said unto them, Draw out and take you a lamb according to your families, and kill the passover. 22 And ye shall take a bunch of hyssop, and dip it in the blood that is in the bason, and strike the lintel and the two side posts with the blood that is in the bason; and none of you shall go out at the door of his house until the morning. 23 For the LORD will pass through to smite the Egyptians; and when he seeth the blood upon the lintel, and on the two side posts, the LORD will pass over the door, and will not suffer the destroyer to come in unto your houses to smite you. 24 And ye shall observe this thing for an ordinance to thee and to thy sons for ever. 25 And it shall come to pass, when ye be come to the land which the LORD will give you, according as he hath promised, that ye shall keep this service. 26 And it shall come to pass, when your children shall say unto you, What mean ye by this service? 27 That ye shall say, It is the sacrifice of the LORD'S passover, who passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt, when he smote the Egyptians, and delivered our houses. And the people bowed the head and worshipped. 28 And the children of Israel went away, and did as the LORD had commanded Moses and Aaron, so did they. 29 And it came to pass, that at midnight the LORD smote all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh that sat on his throne unto the firstborn of the captive that was in the dungeon; and all the firstborn of cattle. 30 And Pharaoh rose up in the night, he, and all his servants, and all the Egyptians; and there was a great cry in Egypt; for there was not a house where there was not one dead. 31 And he called for Moses and Aaron by night, and said, Rise up, and get you forth from among my people, both ye and the children of Israel; and go, serve the LORD, as ye have said. 32 Also take your flocks and your herds, as ye have said, and be gone; and bless me also. 33 And the Egyptians were urgent upon the people, that they might send them out of the land in haste; for they said, We be all dead men 34 And the people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneadingtroughs being bound up in their clothes upon their shoulders. 35 And the children of Israel did according to the word of Moses; and they borrowed of the Egyptians jewels of silver, and jewels of gold, and raiment: 36 And the LORD gave the people favour in the sight of the Egyptians, so that they lent unto them such things as they required. And they spoiled the Egyptians. 37 And the children of Israel journeyed from Rameses to Succoth, about six hundred thousand on foot that were men, beside children. 38 And a mixed multitude went up also with them; and flocks, and herds, even very much cattle. 39 And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they bought forth out of Egypt, for it was not leavened; because they were thrust out of Egypt, and could not tarry, neither had they prepared for themselves any victual. 40 Now the sojourning of the children of Israel, who dwelt in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years. 41 And it came to pass at the end of the four hundred and thirty years, even the selfsame day it came to pass, that all the hosts of the LORD went out from the land of Egypt. 42 It is a night to be much observed unto the LORD for bringing them out from the land of Egypt: this is that night of the LORD to be observed of all the children of Israel in their generations. 43 And the LORD said unto Moses and Aaron, This is the ordinance of the passover: There shall no stranger [son of a foreigner] eat thereof: 44 But every man's servant that is bought for money, when thou hast circumcised him, then shall he eat thereof. 45 A foreigner and an hired servant shall not eat thereof. 46 In one house shall it be eaten; thou shalt not carry forth ought of the flesh abroad out of the house; neither shall ye break a bone thereof. 47 All the congregation of Israel shall keep it. 48 And when a stranger shall sojourn with thee, and will keep the passover to the LORD, let all his males be circumcised, and then let him come near and keep it; and he shall be as one that is born in the land: for no uncircumcised person shall eat thereof. 49 One law shall be to him that is homeborn, and unto the stranger that sojourneth among you. 50 Thus did all the children of Israel; as the LORD commanded Moses and Aaron, so did they. 51 And it came to pass the selfsame day, that the LORD did bring the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt by their armies.




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