DAWN
Daily Arts Web Nucleus
Discover the Arts! Each day a different image from the Literary, Performing, or Visual Arts representing a portion of Scripture plus an explanation with links 2017 December 14
Burning of the Bones of St John the Baptist (c. 1485)
Geertgen tot Sint Jans (Geertgen van Haarlem) - (c. 1465 - c. 1495)
Early Netherlandish Style
Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria
Image Source: Web Gallery of Art
SPECIAL NOTE:
[ I will again be working through the Scriptures from Genesis to Revelation. I will be adding links, resources, images, and the like, upgrading the former work-through which began with the 2013-10-12 posting which can be found, along with the full Genesis to Revelation postings, in the Archive Page. Postings will be at midnight Eastern Time, as I am able. However, no chapters will be skipped, even though a posting may be late. And all postings will be housed in the Archive Page. ]
Explanation: 2 Kings 23 focuses on the reigns or Josiah, Jehoahaz, and Jehoiakim in Judah. [Kings of Judah and Israel #1. Kings of Judah and Israel #2].
After hearing the words of the law in the previous chapter, Josiah read the law to all the officials of Judah. He and the people then made a covenant to obey the LORD wholeheartedly (1-3).
He then had the priests cleanse the temple of all the pagan items of worship; and he had them burned in the fields of Kidron, and carried them to Bethel. He removed the pagan priests; and he removed the pagan elements from Jerusalem and its environs. He removed the pagan priests. He defiled the valley of Topheth (Hinnom), making it unusable as a place of worship. He removed many other pagan elements and defiled and destroyed other places of worship. (4-14).
He removed the altar at Bethel and the high place which Jeroboam the son of Nebat made, which had led Israel into sin. He took bones from graves and burned them on the altar of Bethel, defiling it. When he saw the grave of the prophet of Samaria who, many years prior, had prophesied the very things he was doing, he left his grave alone. Josiah finished the cleansing in Bethel and returned to Jerusalem (15-20).
The king commanded the people to keep the Passover; and it was the greatest Passover since the days of the Judges. Josiah then put away all the pagan workers with familiar spirits, wizards, images, idols, and abominations which were in Jerusalem and Judah. There was no king like Josiah before him or after him who turned to the LORD with all his soul and all his might (21-25).
Nevertheless, the LORD's wrath remained because the sin of the people remained, especially the evil things which Manasseh had introduced into Judah (26-27).
Later, Pharaohnechoh, king of Egypt killed Josiah in Megiddo, and he was buried in Jerusalem. And his son Jehoahaz reigned in his stead (28-30).
Jehoahaz began his reign at the age of 23 and reigned for three months. He did evil in the sight of the LORD; and Pharaohnechoh deposed him, imprisoned him, put Judah under tribute, and made his brother Eliakim (whom he called Jehoiakim), king of Judah. Jehoiakim raised the tribute money by taxing his people (31-35).
Jehoiakim began his reign at the age of 25; and he reigned eleven years. And he also did evil in the sight of the LORD (36-37).
[ Sermons: James Faris. Various. ]
[ Illustration: Today's painting illustrates the burning of human bones (John's), which is one of the things Josiah did in today's chapter.]
RESOURCES
PLEASE NOTE: Use the resources on this and other sites thoughtfully, particularly the commentaries and encyclopedias. I have attempted to list conservative, scholarly resources. However, some providers use liberal or liberal-influenced commentaries such as the Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (in Bible Hub). Such commentaries are undoubtedly included by the provider for the wealth of useful information and comments which they provide. By consulting several commentaries, it should be fairly easy to sort out the wheat from the chaff. If, however, you would like personal assistance, write to me at AD LIB ARTS EMAIL.
[ THEMATICALLY AND CHRONOLOGICALLY RELATED SCRIPTURES: 2 Kings 23:
[Chapter 23: Related Scriptures: 2 Chronicles 35:1-19; 2 Chronicles 34:2; 2 Chronicles 35:20-27; 2 Chronicles 35:20-25; 2 Chronicles 36:1-5; Jeremiah 3:6-25; Jeremiah 4; Jeremiah 5; Jeremiah 6; Jeremiah 27:1-11.]
[2] Jeremiah 2:8; Jeremiah 5:31; Jeremiah 6:13; 2 Chronicles 34:30; 2 Kings 22:10; 2 Kings 22:16; Deuteronomy 31:9; Psalm 49:2.
[3] 2 Kings 11:14; 2 Kings 18:28.
[4] 2 Kings 25:18; Deuteronomy 7:25; Deuteronomy 12:3; 1 Chronicles 14:12; Jeremiah 31:40; 1 Kings 15:13.
[5] Hosea 10:5; Zephaniah 1:4; 2 Kings 17:17; 2 Kings 21:6; Psalm 110:4; 1 Kings 6:29; Job 38:32; Ecclesiastes 9:3; Esther 3:7.
[6] 2 Kings 21:3; 2 Kings 21:7; 2 Chronicles 33:15; 2 Kings 21:21; Jeremiah 26:23; 2 Chronicles 34:4.
[7] 1 Kings 14:24; 1 Kings 15:12; Hosea 4:14.
[8] 1 Kings 15:22; Amos 5:5; Amos 8:14; 2 Chronicles 34:6.
[9] Ezekiel 44:10-14; Leviticus 21:21-22; Leviticus 2:1-11; Leviticus 6:16-18; Leviticus 10:12.
[10] Job 17:6; Isaiah 30:33; Joshua 15:8; Jeremiah 7:31-32; 2 Kings 16:3; 1 Kings 11:7; 1 Chronicles 7:18.
[11] 1 Chronicles 9:26; Ezekiel 40:45; 1 Chronicles 26:18.
[12] Jeremiah 35:4; Jeremiah 19:13; Jeremiah 32:29; Zephaniah 1:5.
[13] 1 Kings 11:5-8; 2 Kings 18:3.
[15] 1 Kings 12:28; 2 Kings 17:29; Hosea 10:6.
[16] 1 Kings 13:1-32.
[17] Ezekiel 39:15; Jeremiah 31:21; 1 Kings 13:29.
[18] 1 Kings 13:31-32.
[19] 2 Chronicles 34:6; 2 Chronicles 34:9.
[20] 2 Kings 23:22; 2 Chronicles 35:1-19; 2 Chronicles 30:1.
[22] 2 Chronicles 35:18.
[23] Deuteronomy 16:2; Deuteronomy 16:5.
[24] 1 Samuel 28:3; 2 Kings 21:6; Genesis 31:19; Judges 17:5; 1 Samuel 19:13; Zechariah 10:2; 2 Kings 17:12; Deuteronomy 13:6; Deuteronomy 17:7; Leviticus 20:27; Deuteronomy 18:9-10.
[25] 2 Kings 18:5-6; 2 Chronicles 30:26; Deuteronomy 6:5; Jeremiah 22:15-16.
[26] Jeremiah 15:4; Jeremiah 25:2; Zephaniah; 2 Chronicles 34:33.
[28] 2 Kings 22:2; 2 Chronicles 35:20.
[29] Jeremiah 25:19-26; 1 Kings 4:12; Zechariah 12:11; 2 Chronicles 35:22; Jeremiah 15:7-9.
[30] 2 Chronicles 35:24; Jeremiah 22:10.
[32] Ezekiel 19:1-4.
[33] 2 Chronicles 36:3; 1 Kings 15:13; 2 Kings 25:6; 2 Kings 25:20-21; Ezekiel 19:4; 2 Kings 18:14.
[34] Jeremiah 22:11; 1 Chronicles 3:15; 2 Kings 24:17; 2 Kings 15:13; 1 Chronicles 4:18; Jeremiah 22:10-12.
[35] 2 Kings 11:14; 2 Kings 14:21; 2 Kings 21:24; 2 Kings 11:14.
[36] Jeremiah 25:1; 2 Kings 24:12; Jeremiah 3; 2 Kings 25:8; 2 Kings 24:15; Judges 9:41.
[37] Jeremiah 22:13; Jeremiah 26:20; Ezekiel 8:7.
-- From Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers ]
[ CHRONOLOGY: GENERAL. Patriarchs (Traditional). Judges # 1. Judges # 2. Kings # 1. Kings # 2. Prophets # 1. Prophets # 2. NT # 1. NT # 2. NT # 3. ]
[ MAPS: Maps # 1. Maps # 2. Maps # 3. Maps # 4. Maps # 5. ]
[ COMMENTARIES, ETC: GENERAL: Bible Study Tools; Bible Hub: Study Light; Blue Letter Bible // PSALMS: Monergism: Precept Austin: The Treasury of David; John Gill; John Calvin - Volumes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
[ MUSIC: GENERAL: The Cyber Hymnal // PSALMS: Genevan Psalter (Instrumental). VARIOUS ARTISTS: Micha'el Ben David. Sons of Korah. Fernando Ortega. Janet Isaac Morrison. Music of the Bible Revealed - Suzanne Haik-Vantoura. Dr. David Erb. Gregorian Chants. ]
HARMONY OF THE LAW
HEBREW AND GREEK INTERLINEAR BIBLES
2 Kings Detailed Outline
2 Kings 23
Notes: In the Hebrew Bible 1 Kings and 2 Kings were one Book. Overlapping dates for various kings indicate overlapping reigns (co-regencies).
1. The Reign of Solomon (1 Kings 1:1 - 1 Kings 11:43) - 971 - 931 B.C. Israel
2. The Divided Kingdom (1 Kings 12:1 - 2 Kings 25:30) - 931 - 560 B.C. Israel
II. Josiah of Judah (2 Kings 22:1 - 23:30) - [640-609 B.C.]
1 And the king sent, and they gathered unto him all the elders of Judah and of Jerusalem.
2 And the king went up into the house of the LORD, and all the men of Judah and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem with him, and the priests, and the prophets, and all the people, both small and great: and he read in their ears all the words of the book of the covenant which was found in the house of the LORD.
3 And the king stood by a pillar, and made a covenant before the LORD, to walk after the LORD, and to keep his commandments and his testimonies and his statutes with all their heart and all their soul, to perform the words of this covenant that were written in this book. And all the people stood to the covenant.
4 And the king commanded Hilkiah the high priest, and the priests of the second order, and the keepers of the door, to bring forth out of the temple of the LORD all the vessels that were made for Baal, and for the grove, and for all the host of heaven: and he burned them without Jerusalem in the fields of Kidron, and carried the ashes of them unto Bethel.
5 And he put down the idolatrous priests, whom the kings of Judah had ordained to burn incense in the high places in the cities of Judah, and in the places round about Jerusalem; them also that burned incense unto Baal, to the sun, and to the moon, and to the planets, and to all the host of heaven.
6 And he bought out the grove from the house of the LORD, without Jerusalem, unto the brook Kidron, and burned it at the brook Kidron, and stamped it small to powder, and cast the powder thereof upon the graves of the children of the people.
7 And he brake down the houses of the sodomites, that were by the house of the LORD, where the women wove hangings for the grove.
8 And he bought all the priests out of the cities of Judah, and defiled the high places where the priests had burned incense, from Geba to Beersheba, and brake down the high places of the gates that were in the entering in of the gate of Joshua the governor of the city, which were on a man's left hand at the gate of the city.
9 Nevertheless the priests of the high places came not up to the altar of the LORD in Jerusalem, but they did eat of the unleavened bread among their brethren.
10 And he defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the children of Hinnom, that no man might make his son or his daughter to pass through the fire to Molech.
11 And he took away the horses that the kings of Judah had given to the sun, at the entering in of the house of the LORD, by the chamber of Nathanmelech the chamberlain, which was in the suburbs, and burned the chariots of the sun with fire.
12 And the altars that were on the top of the upper chamber of Ahaz, which the kings of Judah had made, and the altars which Manasseh had made in the two courts of the house of the LORD, did the king beat down, and brake them down from thence, and cast the dust of them into the brook Kidron.
13 And the high places that were before Jerusalem, which were on the right hand of the mount of corruption, which Solomon the king of Israel had builded for Ashtoreth the abomination of the Zidonians, and for Chemosh the abomination of the Moabites, and for Milcom the abomination of the children of Ammon, did the king defile.
14 And he brake in pieces the images, and cut down the groves, and filled their places with the bones of men.
15 Moreover the altar that was at Bethel, and the high place which Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin, had made, both that altar and the high place he brake down, and burned the high place, and stamped it small to powder, and burned the grove.
16 And as Josiah turned himself, he spied the sepulchres that were there in the mount, and sent, and took the bones out of the sepulchres, and burned them upon the altar, and polluted it, according to the word of the LORD which the man of God proclaimed, who proclaimed these words.
17 Then he said, What title is that that I see? And the men of the city told him, It is the sepulchre of the man of God, which came from Judah, and proclaimed these things that thou hast done against the altar of Bethel.
18 And he said, Let him alone; let no man move his bones. So they let his bones alone [his bones escaped], with the bones of the prophet that came out of Samaria.
19 And all the houses also of the high places that were in the cities of Samaria, which the kings of Israel had made to provoke the LORD to anger, Josiah took away, and did to them according to all the acts that he had done in Bethel.
20 And he slew all the priests of the high places that were there upon the altars, and burned men's bones upon them, and returned to Jerusalem.
21 And the king commanded all the people, saying, Keep the passover unto the LORD your God, as it is written in the book of this covenant.
22 Surely there was not holden such a passover from the days of the judges that judged Israel, nor in all the days of the kings of Israel, nor of the kings of Judah;
23 But in the eighteenth year of king Josiah, wherein this passover was holden to the LORD in Jerusalem.
24 Moreover the workers with familiar spirits, and the wizards, and the images, and the idols, and all the abominations that were spied in the land of Judah and in Jerusalem, did Josiah put away, that he might perform the words of the law which were written in the book that Hilkiah the priest found in the house of the LORD.
25 And like unto him was there no king before him, that turned to the LORD with all his heart, and with all his soul, and with all his might, according to all the law of Moses; neither after him arose there any like him.
26 Notwithstanding the LORD turned not from the fierceness of his great wrath, wherewith his anger was kindled against Judah, because of all the provocations that Manasseh had provoked him withal.
27 And the LORD said, I will remove Judah also out of my sight, as I have removed Israel, and will cast off this city Jerusalem which I have chosen, and the house of which I said, My name shall be there.
28 Now the rest of the acts of Josiah, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles [words of the days] of the kings of Judah?
29 In his days Pharaohnechoh king of Egypt went up against the king of Assyria to the river Euphrates: and king Josiah went against him; and he slew him at Megiddo, when he had seen him.
30 And his servants carried him in a chariot dead from Megiddo, and bought him to Jerusalem, and buried him in his own sepulchre. And the people of the land took Jehoahaz the son of Josiah, and anointed him, and made him king in his father's stead.
JJ. Jehoahaz of Judah (2 Kings 23:31-35)- [609 B.C.]
31 Jehoahaz was twenty and three years old when he began to reign; and he reigned three months in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Hamutal, the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.
32 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, according to all that his fathers had done.
33 And Pharaohnechoh put him in bands at Riblah in the land of Hamath, that he might not reign in Jerusalem; and put the land to a tribute of an hundred talents of silver, and a talent of gold.
34 And Pharaohnechoh made Eliakim the son of Josiah king in the room of Josiah his father, and turned his name to Jehoiakim, and took Jehoahaz away: and came to Egypt, and died there.
35 And Jehoiakim gave the silver and the gold to Pharaoh; but he taxed the land to give the money according to the commandment of Pharaoh: he exacted the silver and the gold of the people of the land, of every one according to his taxation, to give it unto Pharaohnechoh.
KK. Jehoiakim of Judah (2 Kings 23:36 - 24:7) - [609-597 B.C.]
36 Jehoiakim was twenty and five years old when he began to reign; and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Zebudah, the daughter of Pedaiah of Rumah.
37 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, according to all that his fathers had done.
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